Launched: 31st May 1911 Total Lost: 1,502 (68%) Passengers Lost: 818 (62%) Crew Lost: 684 (77%) TITANIC

WHY did soooo many die as they awaited rescue in the North Sea?

WHY did soooo many die as they awaited rescue in the North Sea? HINT: THE NORTH SEA IS COLD!!!!!

Function of Cellular Respiration… harvesting the energy of food for ATP synthesis… so the cells have energy for work

 WHAT if there is NO electronegative oxygen to pull electrons down the chain???? Oxidative phosporylation STOPS! GAAAAK!!!!

Pyruvate Glucose CYTOSOL No O 2 present Fermentation Ethanol or lactate Acetyl CoA MITOCHONDRION O 2 present Cellular respiration Citric acid cycle

FFFFermentation - the synthesis of ATP via. glycolysis ONLY in the absence of oxygen

Alcohol fermentation is done by yeast and some kinds of bacteria.

yeast / bacteria. The waste products of this process are ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).

yeast / bacteria. The waste products of this process are ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Humans have long taken advantage of this process in making bread, beer, and wine.

 Alcohol Fermentation H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

+ 2 H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis  Carboxyl (X2) to CO 2 (X2) -

+ 2 H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis  Acetaldehyde produced ( X2) -

+ 2 H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis  Acetaldehyde ( X2) REDUCED -

+ 2 H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis  Ethanol Produced ( X2) -

 Alcohol Fermentation H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

 Fermentation - after glycolysis (no O 2 available) Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi, some bacteria like in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles.

 Fermentation - after glycolysis (no O 2 available) Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi, some bacteria like in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles. Normally our muscles do cellular respiration like the rest of our bodies, using O 2 supplied by our lungs and blood. However, under greater exertion when the oxygen supplied by the lungs and blood system can’t get there fast enough to keep up with the muscles’ needs, our muscles can switch over and do lactic acid fermentation. In the process of lactic acid fermentation, the 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules are turned into lactic acid.lactic acid

 Lactic Acid Fermentation H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

 Pyruvate ( X2) reduced by NADH- + 2 H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

 Lactate ( X2) formed H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

 Fermentation H + 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2 P 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate Lactic acid fermentation Glucose Glycolysis

 Fermentation - extension of glycolysis  Fermentation - extension of glycolysis Anaerobic catabolism of organic molecules. Yields only 2 ATP’s Electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate (not the e- transport chain)

aerobic anaerobic

 Fermentation

no oxygen 3.5bya