Introduction to Dental Materials DHYG 113 Restorative Dentistry I

Biomaterials Oral Tissues Enamel Dentin Cementum Pulp Periodontium Gingival Tissue

Objectives Discuss some of the conditions that make the oral cavity hostile to dental materials Identify ideal properties of dental materials Explain how dental materials, drugs, instruments and equipment are evaluated Summarize the reasons the dental hygienist should be knowledgeable about the science of dental materials Name and discuss classification categories

Replacement Materials Restriction on use: Biting forces Degradation of materials and teeth Temperature changes Biocompatibility Esthetics

Characteristics of an Ideal Dental Material Biocompatible Mechanically Stable & Durable Resistant to Corrosion or Chemicals Dimensionally Stable Minimally Conductive – thermal & electrical Esthetic Easy to Manipulate Adherent to Tissues Tasteless and Odorless Cost-effective

History Ancient Times to the 1700’s During the 1800’s The 20th Century Gold, Ivory, Porcelain, Wax, Gypsum, Cements (Zinc phosphate & ZOE) During the 1800’s Amalgam in use, Porcelain inlays & crowns The 20th Century New materials constantly developed Variety of cast metals: gold, chromium & nickel, chromium & cobalt, and titanium Polymers and Composites

Standards for Dental Materials Medical Device Amendment of 1976 FDA considers dental materials as medical devices FDA has authority to ensure safety of dental materials Council for Scientific Affairs of the ADA ADA Seal of Acceptance

Classifications of Dental Materials by Use Restorative Materials Restorations & Crowns Bridges Complete & Partial Dentures Impression Casts & Models 6. Cements 7. Temporary Materials 8. Preventive Materials 9. Polishing Materials 10. Implants 11. Specialty Materials

Classification by Location of Fabrication Direct Restorative Materials Constructed directly in the oral cavity Amalgams, Composites, Glass ionomers Indirect Restorative Materials Fabricated outside the oral cavity Gold crowns and inlays Ceramic materials Indirect restorative polymers

Classification by Longevity of Use Permanent Restorations Don’t last forever, but give years of service

Longevity, con’t Temporary Restorations Planned to be replaced in a short time Interim Restorations Long term temporary restorations

Discussion What are some implications of dental hygiene practice on dental materials? Why do you think this might be important? What are your thoughts about hygienists doing restorative procedures? Is this something you would enjoy doing?