Climate Change: A Primer on Carbon Offsets and Trading Cypress Swamp Cafe Dec 12, 2007 Mark van Soestbergen ICBE

We are here Temperatures are projected to rise an additional 2 – 5°C in the 21 st Century What does this Change in Climate mean?

Summer Arctic Sea Ice NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

What does this Change in Climate mean?

Many of the world's climate zones may disappear by 2100, leaving new ones in their place unlike any that exist today..we are going to be seeing climates that certainly are completely outside the range of modern human experience.." 26 March Scientific American article 27 March Guardian article 27 March IOL Reuters articlearticle What does this Change in Climate mean?

Summers will be scorchers These maps show the projected increase in average daily July heat index relative to the present. The largest increases are in the southeastern states, where the Canadian model projects increases of more than 25°F.

Florida - Reversal of summer-wet, winter-dry - Brand new animal, plant and human disease vectors - Sea level rise - Super storms

Expected sea level increase 21 st Century: ~ 1.2 meter Featured, Treasure Island + 1 meter

Featured, St. Petersburg meter

Featured, Tampa meter

Yikes, Climate Change! What to do? - Nothing - Adapt - Engage

Man invents the Kyoto Protocol! The Kyoto Protocol (KP) sets legally binding emissions targets for a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHG) for Annex I countries2. Together, they must reduce their emissions by 5.2% below 1990 levels over the commitment period

Rich leads, poor follows The Kyoto Protocol allows for project-based transactions in the form of Joint Implementation (JI) in Annex I countries, and for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in non-Annex I countries. It also allows for direct emission trading between Annex I countries. JI, CDM, IET

Kingdom of Morocco Ministry of Land-Use Management, Water and the Environment The First Carbon Exhibition in North Africa and Middle East Region Djerba, September 2004 Moroccan CDM projects Energy Efficiency projects faouzi senhaji GERERE CD4CDM Project

The first Carbon exhibition in North Africa and Middle East region – Djerba, September 22-24, 2004 ONE-Street lighting project Technical features : – Installed capacity : 3 MW (15,000 x 200 W) – Expected saving : 3 GWh / yr (200 W bulbs to replace 250 W bulbs) – Components : 15,000 LCB of 200 W & PM Financial issues : – Total cost of the project : US $ 0.5 million (Cost per bulb: US $ 27.3) – Timing : – Starting date : 2005 – Crediting period : Project description

Gasoline is 85.5% carbon 1 gallon of conventional gasoline becomes 172 cubic feet / 4.87 cubic meters of CO 2

To sustain one person, the United States produces 20 tonne of CO2 per year.

The atmosphere now holds 30% more carbon than a century ago Human emission rate in billion tC/yr time equilibrium Latent atmospheric Carbon is about 188 billion ton Earth absorption rate in billion tC/yr de-carbonization pathway

Recommended links: Mark van Soestbergen tel fax Toward Climate Stability