M91第五組 The Cardiovascular System 組長 9101104盛少廷 組員 9101005 黃馨慧 組員 9101019 馬兆緯 組員 9101024 陳志安 組員 9101027 方科智 組員 9101028 黃崇勝 組員 9101029 陳叡逸 組員 9101033 王植諄 組長 9101042 蔡昊澐 組長 9101048 林廷翰 組員 9101051 陳奕彰 組員 9101076 謝明宏 組員 9101084 馮富鈺 組員 9101090 張凱淳 組員 9101091 許耘誌 組員 9101097 潘相甫 組員 9101125 顏凡偉 組長 9101144 黎美雪 組員 9101156 葉婉婷 組員 9101157 蔡為迪 組員 9101158 葉秋瑜

胚胎心血管發育 想念我嗎

太初之時 splanchnic mesoderm primodial myocardium 四原始腔室

Aortic arch衍生物

原始心臟血液循環

胎兒的血液循環

Further development of heart Tubular heart elongates and develops dilations and constrictions : Atrium Sinus venosus Ventricle Bulbus cordis Truncus arteriosus

Partitioning of Primordial Heart Partitioning of Atrioventricular Canal Cardiac jelly → endocardial cushion (by the end of 4th week) Atrioventricular canal → left and right atrioventricular canal Endocardial cell → AV valves (mitral valve & tricuspid valve)

Partitioning of Primordial Atrium Foramen primum - becomes smaller & disappears Foramen secundum – becomes larger (fusion of perforations in the central part of septum primum) Septum secundum overlaps foramen secundum → oval foramen formed Septum primum - cranial part disappears - caudal part → valve of oval foramen → oval fossa (after birth)

Changes in Sinus Venosus Initially right and left sinus are the same size. 4th week - Right horn enlarge  (1)anastomosis (2) right vitelline vein change into IVC  sinus vanarum (smooth part of RA) - Left horn – size decreases  coronary sinus - Caudal part of sinuatrial valve  valve of IVC and coronary sinus

Partitioning of Primordial Ventricle Muscular part of the IV septum  enlarging ventricle myoblast - ( 6th) IV foramen still exists - ( 7th) IV foramen closed — right & left bulbar ridges+ endocardial cushion Membranous part of the IV septum  right side of the endocardial cushion Complete partitioning - aorticopulmonary septum + membranous part of IV septum + muscular part of IV septum

Partitioning of Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus Fusion of bulbar ridges and truncal ridges aorticopulmonary septum 180 degree spiraling of aorticopulmonary septum divides aorta & pulmonary trunk Formation of semilunar valves - by 3 swellings of subendocardial tissue - aortic valve  post., right & left cusps - pulmonary valve  ant., right & left cusps

Congenital cardiovascular defects What is congenital cardiovascular defects? What causes congenital heart defects? What are the symptoms of congenital defects? How are congenital defects diagnosed? How are congenital heart defects treated?

Types of congenital defects Obstruction defects Septal Defect Cyanotic defects

Obstruction defects Obstructions are called stenoses and can occur in heart valves, arteries or veins

Septal Defect atrial septal defect (ASD) ventricular septal defect (VSD) Eisenmenger’s complex A-V canal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

Cyanotic defects Another classification of heart defects is congenital cyanotic heart defects. In these defects, blood pumped to the body contains less-than-normal amounts of oxygen. This results in a condition called cyanosis , a blue discoloration of the skin. The term "blue babies" is often applied to infants with cyanosis. Examples of cyanotic defects are: Patent ductus arteriosus Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the great arteries, Tricuspid atresia, Pulmonary atresia, Truncus arteriosus Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Transposition of The Great Arteries

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection