Energy Management– Life cycle and energy in Transports 2 st semester 2013/2014 Carla Silva Principal IDMEC Researcher ID: A

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management OUTLINE Industrial ecology and LCA Life cycle notion ISO norms steps Goal, boundaries, allocation, functional unit? What assessments to choose? Impact assessment calculation Softwares/databases Examples

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Inputs/Outputs Sustainability “closed loop system where wastes can become inputs for new processes” “Industrial metabolism” study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. Energy Emissions Zero waste Impact

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management LCA – Life Cycle Analysis Methodology to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from cradle-to-grave Raw material extraction Materials processing Manufacture Distribution Use Maintenance Disposal or recycling Steps as in ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Goal and scope definition *defines what precisely is being studied and quantifies the service delivered by the product system, providing a reference to which the inputs and outputs can be related; important basis that enables the product to be compared and analyzed **used to partition the environmental load of a process when several products or functions share the same process mass and economic Functional unit* System boundaries; Assumptions and limitations; Allocation methods**; and Impact categories Cradle-to-Grave (CTG) Cradle-to-Gate (CTG) Cradle-to-Cradle (CTC) Gate-to-Gate (GTG) Well-to-Wheel (WTW)

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Goal and scope definition

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Goal and scope definition

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Inputs-Outputs balance Life Cycle – Inventory FU – Functional Unit e.g. MJ of final product kg of final product passenger.km km

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Inventory CO2, NOx, PM

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Inventory 1 wash/day 75 day g/day

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Inventory

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment Selection of impact categories, category indicators, and characterization models; Classification stage, where the inventory parameters are sorted and assigned to specific impact categories; Impact measurement, where the categorized LCI flows are characterized, using one of many possible LCIA methodologies, into common equivalence units that are then summed to provide an overall impact category total.

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment e.g. Procter & Gamble …. “It is important to understand both the advantages and limitations of the conversion in order to interpret the indicators properly and reach sound conclusions.” problem-oriented (mid points) damage-oriented (end points)

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment LCIA methodologies Eco-Indicator 99 Eco-Indicator 95 CML 2001 Impact 2002

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment Eco-Indicator

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment Climate change (global warming potential 20/100/500 years) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment Acidification ref SO 2

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Impact Assessment Eutrophication enrichment of aquatic systems with nutrients

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Tools/Software GEMIShttp:// GREEThttp://greet.es.anl.gov/ LEMhttp:// Optiresourcehttp:// Generic Car specific

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life cycle notion

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Energy equivalency methods hydro and wind 100% nuclear 33 % geothermal 10 % (e.g. IEA and Eurostat) hydro and wind 40% nuclear 40 % geothermal 40 % (e.g. EIA)

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life cycle notion

Carla Silva - Energy in Transports- Energy Management Life Cycle – Goal and scope definition

Energy Management– Life cycle and energy in Transports 2 st semester 2013/2014 Carla Silva Principal IDMEC Researcher ID: A