THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914 THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM TO THE FACTORY SYSTEM

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION PREDECESSOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES IN THEORY AND MACHINERY.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION NEW CROPS CHARLES TOWNSHEND – CROP ROTATION COMPLIMENTARY CROPS (CLOVER &TURNIPS – WHEAT & BARLEY) JETHRO TULL – SEED DRILL IRON PLOWS MECHANICAL REAPERS AND THRESHERS ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT THE FENCING OFF OF PUBLIC LANDS BY LANDOWNERS (1700’S). AGRICULTURE BECAME MORE EFFICIENT. EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW CROPS. FEWER FARM WORKERS NEEDED.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT: RESULTS MORE FOOD, BETTER DIET, IMPROVED HEALTH RAPID POPULATION GROWTH INCREASED DEMAND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS UNEMPLOYED FARMERS = LARGE NEW LABOR FORCE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DOMESTIC SYSTEM (COTTAGE INDUSTRY) WOOL/COTTON CLOTH MANUFACTURED IN THE HOME. ENTREPRENEURS DELIVERED RAW MATERIALS. FAMILIES CLEANED RAW MATERIAL, SPUN THREAD AND WOVE CLOTH. THIS SYSTEM COULD NOT KEEP UP WITH DEMAND.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS JOHN KAY FLYING SHUTTLE 1733 SPED UP WEAVING PROCESS WEAVERS USE THREAD FASTER THAN SPINNERS COULD PRODUCE IT JAMES HARGREAVES SPINNING JENNY 1764 SPED UP THE SPINNING PROCESS A PERSON COULD SPIN SEVERAL THREADS AT ONCE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FLYING SHUTTLE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING JENNY

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS RICHARD ARKWRIGHT WATER FRAME 1769 100 SPINDLES DRIVEN BY WATER POWER INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION SAMUEL CROMPTON SPINNING MULE 1779 USED FEATURES OF THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE WATER FRAME INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WATER FRAME

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING MULE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS EDWARD CARTWRIGHT POWER LOOM 1785 LOOM IN WHICH THE WEAVING ACTION WAS POWERED BY WATER A WORKER COULD PRODUCE 200 TIMES MORE CLOTH IN A DAY ELI WHITNEY COTTON GIN 1793 MACHINE THAT TORE FIBERS FROM SEEDS TO CLEAN THE RAW COTTON SPED UP THE PROCESS OF CLEANING COTTON FIBER

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POWER LOOM

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COTTON GIN

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FACTORY SYSTEM WORKERS AND MACHINES BROUGHT TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE INVESTORS BUILT LARGE BUILDINGS TO HOUSE MACHINES WORKERS HAD A SET NUMBER OF HOURS TO WORK WORKERS WERE PAID DAILY OR WEEKLY WAGES

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE 1698-THOMAS SAVERY-STEAM DRIVEN PUMP-REMOVE WATER FROM FLOODED COAL MINES EARLY 1700’S-THOMAS NEWCOMEN –SAFER STEAM POWERED PUMP 1760’S-JAMES WATT-IMPROVED NEWCOMEN ENGINE, PRODUCED 4 TIMES THE POWER AND STEAM BECAME AN EFFICENT POWER SOURCE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COAL AND IRON EARLY 1700’S-ABRAHAM DARBY-DEVELOPED A WAY TO USE A FORM OF COAL, INSTEAD OF CHARCOAL, TO SMELT THE IRON. IRON IS BETTER QUALITY AND CHEAPER TO PRODUCE DARBY MADE IRON 1850’S-HENRY BESSEMER-’PROCESS’ CREATED STRONGER, CHEAPER STEEL

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION CANAL-1759-DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER ROAD SURFACE-1700’S-JOHN MCADAM RAILROAD-1829-GEORGE STEPHENSON ‘ROCKET’ TRAVELED AT 36 MPH! BETWEEN 1850 AND 1860 BRITAIN BUILT OVER 5000 MILES OF RAILROAD TRACK STEAMSHIP-1807-ROBERT FULTON TELEGRAPH-1837-SAMUEL F.B. MORSE INEXPENSIVE POSTAL SYSTEM IN BRITAIN

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LOCOMOTIVE & STEAMSHIP Why were railroads improvements over canals?

WHY DID BRITAIN LEAD THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION = MORE FOOD AVAILABLE LABOR POOL PLENTY OF COAL & IRON EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MERCHANT TRADITION CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT LARGE COLONIAL EMPIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS COLONIAL EMPIRE WAS A MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BRITAIN’S REIGN AS A WORLD POWER BEGINS