Aim: What are the compounds important to living things? The physical and chemical properties of water make it unique and necessary for living things Water.

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: What are the compounds important to living things? The physical and chemical properties of water make it unique and necessary for living things Water is necessary for all chemical reactions in living systems.

Water's Chemical Properties Polar molecule sticky universal solvent pH of 7pH

Water's Physical Properties found in all three states of matter -- liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam)

Water’s Physical Properties water's freezing point is 0 degrees on the Celsius scale water's boiling point is100 degrees Celsius high specific heat index

Physical Property of water high surface tension

Other important inorganic compounds found in living things include salt body fluids contain salt Halite

The Chemical Evolution occurred in H 2 O The molecules we know today are descended from the first molecules that formed life on Earth. Earth’s Primordial Environment  Present atmosphere  First Molecules formed in organic soup

RNA was the first organic molecule to appear in the organic soup (ocean) of modern Earth Read the article – take notes share with your group

What is RNA ? Atom  Element  Compounds Living things are made from organic compounds (C, H, O, N, S, P and other elements in minute amounts) Organic Compounds Carbohydrates – sugar, starches Proteins – meat, fish, beans Nucleic Acids – RNA, DNA Lipids - fats

RNA is a polymer made up of four repeating subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. Aim: What is RNA?

Nucleotides in RNA are made up of a sugar, phosphate and base

The sugar in the nucleotide that makes up RNA is ribose

Types of RNA mRNA - carries a message tRNA – carries a code from the mRNA rRNA – structural RNA that makes up a ribosome

HW 6 Make templates of the structures on the sheet with the Parts of RNA nucleotides Ribose + phosphoric acid – yellow Uracil – blue Cytosine – black Adenine – red Guanine – green Cut out the pieces (4 ribose-phosphoric acid) and one of each of the others.

Messenger RNA Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus. Transfer RNA The mRNA then enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. Translation begins at AUG, the start codon. Each transfer RNA has an anticodon whose bases are complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. The ribosome positions the start codon to attract its anticodon, which is part of the tRNA that binds methionine. The ribosome also binds the next codon and its anticodon. mRNA Start codon Ribosome Methionine Phenylalanine tRNA Lysine Nucleus Aim: What is the Structure of mRNA ? Section 12-3 mRNA Go to Section: