THE TRUTH ABOUT RECYCLING HOLLY FRETWELL MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY, ADJUNCT INSTRUCTOR PERC, RESEARCH FELLOW Museum of the Rockies, Harry H.janke board room June 20, 2013 (6:30-8pm) ECNS 594 Current Issues in Economics

Holly L. Fretwell Note: Data collection by Dan Benjamin, reused with permission. Reference to PERC PS No 47, Any errors or omissions are my own. Available at: PERC.org - Moral imperative or - resource conservation? WHY RECYCLE?

MOBRO 4000 (1987) (AKA, THE GARBAGE BARGE)

Why Recycle?

GARBAGE (RUBBISH/TRASH): A BY- PRODUCT OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION -Dump it (landfill) -Burn it (incinerate) -Recycle it (re-use, remanufacture)

RESOURCE OR RUBBISH? Rubbish (waste): an undesirable by- product of production or consumption. Resource: an item that provides value for use – where the costs of reuse < value added by reuse

Yes (recycle) + Resource High Transportation Cost - if cost > value Rubbish Yes (reuse) + Resource High Labor Cost If dirty - if opportunity cost > value Rubbish No (hazardous waste) - Rubbish Resource or Rubbish?

Fact or Fiction? 1.Are we running out of landfill space? 2.Is our trash poisoning us? 3.Does packaging waste resources? 4.Must firms be mandated to decrease packaging? 5.Are we are running out of resources? 6.Does recycling save resources? (e.g. recycling paper saves trees) 7.Is recycling beneficial for the environment? 8.Do recycling mandates enhance efficiency of resource use? (e.g., is curbside recycling pick up a low cost method to recycle?)

RECYCLING MYTHS 1.Our trash will bury us. Are we running out of landfill space?Are we running out of landfill space?

RECYCLING MYTHS 1.Our trash will bury us. 2.Our trash will poison us. 10bCancer Risk from 70 year land fill exposure 1 in 10 billion (~1 every 50 years) 1 mCancer Risk of 1 in 1 million for: smoking 1.4 cig/yr travel 300 mi by car/10 by bike live 2 days in Boston

1.Our trash will bury us. 2.Our trash will poison us. 3.Packaging wastes resources. 4. Should Firms be mandated to decrease packaging? Recycling Myths

RECYCLING MYTHS 1.Our trash will bury us. 2.Our trash will poison us 3.Packaging wastes resources 4.Firms must be mandated to decrease packaging 5.We’re running out of resources

It’s not the input (metal, oil, gas... ) that we want, that we want, rather what it does for us!

RESOURCE OR RUBBISH? Aluminum Recycling Prices / The Stats One of the most common statistics stated about aluminum recycling is that Americans throw away enough aluminum every three months to rebuild the entire national commercial air fleet.statistics recycling Imagine that amount of wasted resource! This makes it obvious and imperative that recycling saves natural resources... This statement is: True. False. Just because you can make something else with the material does not mean it saves resources to re-use it. It is only a resource if the benefit of re-use is equal to or outweighs the cost at the margin.

RECYCLING MYTHS 1.Our trash will bury us. 2.Our trash will poison us 3.Packaging wastes resources 4.We’re running out of resources 5.Recycling saves resources and protects the environment Does recycling paper saves trees?

RECYCLING MYTHS 1.Our trash will bury us. 2.Our trash will poison us 3.Packaging wastes resources 4.We’re running out of resources 5.Recycling saves resources and protects the environment 6.Do recycling mandates enhance efficiency of resource use? (e.g., is curbside recycling pick up a low cost method to recycle?)

Bozeman Daily Chronicle July 17, 2011

WHEN DOES RECYCLING MAKE SENSE? -Commercial level -When uses less energy & raw materials than primary manufacturing -Firms will realize the cost saving -Where MSB ≥ MSC

STEVE JOHNSON, SUPERINTENDENT OF BOZEMAN'S SOLID WASTE DIVISION BDC, JUNE 24, 2008 “IT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE TO SHIP GLASS, WHICH IS ESSENTIALLY SAND, TO LIVINGSTON. SPENDING A BUNCH OF MONEY TO SELL SAND AT $6 PER YARD” "YOU'VE REALLY GOT TO HAVE A GREEN COMMITMENT TO DO THAT." Wait a minute, is that really GREEN?

PERC POLICY SERIES PERC POLICY SERIES BY DANIEL BENJAMIN AVAILABLE AT: PERC.ORG

RUBBISH OR RESOURCE? Rubbish (waste): an undesirable by-product of production or consumption. Resource: an item that provides value for use – where the costs of reuse < value added by reuse. economically speaking: where MSC ≤ MSB

WHY DO YOU RECYCLE... OR DO YOU? Fretwell