1300’S ( 14TH) NORTHERN ITALY LATER IN NORTHERN EUROPE RENAISSANCE 1300’S ( 14TH) NORTHERN ITALY LATER IN NORTHERN EUROPE

Renaissance French for “re-birth” “reawakening” Term first used by artist and historian VASARI – used term to describe the art of “ rare men of genius” TERM CAME TO BE USED TO DESCRIBE MANY ASPECTS OF LIFE

Rebirth/ Reawakening Of an interest in Classical civilization Greek and Roman

WHY NORTHERN ITALY? NO 100 YRS WAR CLOSE TO ROME- reminder of Classical civilization UNIVERSITIES- scholars HAD MONEY…MONEY …MONEY- money from… coming up

City- states Northern Italian cities were city- states WHO? GENOA, VENICE, MILAN, AND FLORENCE CITIES WERE RULED BY OLIGARCHIES OR SIGNORIS WHO HAD CONDOTTIERI

FLORENCE Was the city that led the Renaissance

MONEY FROM SHIPPING- ?? Place of revival of long distance trade TRADE – wool trade BANKING-

Renaissance Was about change: Social Political Economic

Renaissance included new attitudes INDIVIDUALISM SECULARISM HUMANISM

THESE NEW ATTITUDES WERE FOUND IN THE UPPER CLASS/URBAN NOBILITY EASIEST WAY TO UNDERSTAND THE NEW ATTITUDES IS TO LOOK AT THE ATTITUDES OF THE MIDDLE AGES FIRST

MIDDLE AGES /RENAISSANCE -MIDDLE AGES: ATTITUDE : THE PARISH- THE GROUP- WE- CONFORMITY- CONSENSUS RENAISSANCE: INDIVIDUALISM I AM IMPORTANT IT IS OK TO BE FAMOUS

IT IS OK TO BE DIFFERENT NEW ART FORMS: INDIVIDUAL PORTRAITS NEW FORM OF LITERATURE: AUTOBIOGRAPHY

2nd comparison MIDDLE AGES: THE PURPOSE OF STUDY WAS TO KNOW GOD SOURCE OF STUDY- THE BIBLE

RENAISSANCE ATTITUDE HUMANISM PURPOSE OF STUDY IS TO KNOW MAN SOURCE OF INFO – THE CLASSICS ( writings of Greeks and Romans) THE FATHER OF HUMANISM WAS PETRARCH

HUMANISM MIRANDOLA WROTE THAT “ ON THE DIGNITY OF MAN” … MAN CAN DO ALL THINGS… … HUMAN POTENTIAL IS LIMITLESS

LAST NEW ATTITUDE SECULARISM MIDDLE AGE ATTITUDE RELIGION- HEAVEN- SALVATION- THE SOUL SECULARISM WORLDY POSSESSIONS- OK! EMHASIS ON THE HERE AND NOW

MONEY- LUXURIES ARE OK!! LORENZO VALLA – AUTHOR OF “ON PLEASURE” - SAID THAT PLEASURE WAS THE HIGHEST GOOD… (yikes!)

In addition to the new attitudes New forms of vernacular writing: “How to” books…. THE COURTIER- BY CASTIGLIONE WAS A BOOK ON HOW TO BE A GENTLEMAN A GENTLEMAN SHOULD BE ABLE TO :

DANCE FIGHT RECITE POETRY SPEAK WELL .. AND KNOW THE CLASSICS

Another “how to” book THE PRINCE AUTHOR: MACHIAVELLI “perhaps the most famous book written during the Renaissance” The Prince was about how to Gain, use and keep POWER

Political action cannot be judged by morality but should be judged on how effective the political action/ power is “the end justifies the means” Meaning? Power and ruthlessness are more important than idealism

“ It is better to be feared than loved” Meaning? “The end justifies the means”

The word MACHIAVELLIAN today means Ruthless, crafty… willing to do whatever it takes to achieve goals Two later important historical figures used Machiavelli’s ideas: RICHELIEAU AND BISMARCK

THE ART The most famous part of the Renaissance

MEDIEVAL ART RELIGIOUS STIFF- FORMAL SOME TAPESTRIES ( in castles) IN CHURCHES AUDIENCE: because art was in churches- everyone

Most notable aspect of the Renaissance was the ART ITALIANS WERE WILLING TO SPEND A LOT OF MONEY ON ART ART COMMUNICATED SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC VALUES ITALIAN BANKING AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAMILIES HAD MONEY ART WAS USED AS A FORM OF COMPETITION – AMONG A NEW CLASS OF PEOPLE= URBAN NOBILITY

RENAISSANCE ART PATRONS: THE WEALTHY ( URBAN NOBILTY) THE CHURCH GUILDS

STYLES AND TECHNIQUES PERSPECTIVE LIGHT AND SHADING “CHIAROSCURO” REVIVAL OF CLASSICAL STYLES THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN BODY GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENT OF FIGURES NEW OIL BASED PAINT AT FIRST EMPAHSIZED RELIGIOUS THEMES

LATER THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN BODY LATER STILL… MYTHS… INDIVIDUAL PORTRAITS GROUP PORTRAITS

GIOTTO ITALIAN “LED THE WAY” “FATHER OF RENAISSANCE PAINTING” USE OF REALISM ROUNDED, MORE HUMAN LIKE A BIT OF EMOTION

THE MEETING AT THE GOLDEN GATE

What characteristics of Ren art can you see?

DONATELLO FATHER OF MODERN SCULPTURE THE FIRST FREE STANDING STATUE SINCE CLASSICAL TIME

YOUNG DAVID

What characteristics of Ren art can you see?

Mary Magdalene

That was different

MASACCIO “FATHER” OF MODERN PAINTING FIRST NUDES SINCE CLASSICAL TIME USE OF LIGHT AND DARK-CHIAROSCURO REALISM …well EXPANDED ON GIOTTO’S WORK FIRST TO “ really” USE PERSPECTIVE

NEED TO KNOW EXPULSION FROM THE GARDEN ( Adam and Eve) Renaissance characteristics??

THE TRIBUTE ( scene shows Jesus and Apostles- Jesus was asked the question about taxes)

GHIBERTI DESIGNER OF THE BRONZE DOORS FOR THE CATHEDRAL IN FLORENCE

DOESN’T LOOK LIKE MUCH…. BUT

BRUNELLESCHI COMMISSIONED TO BUILD A CATHEDRAL( Duomo) DOME BY CLOTH MERCHANTS IN FLORENCE USED THE PANTHEON AS A MODEL -what was the Pantheon ?

NTK Michelangelo, Raphael and Da Vinci All worked in Rome around the year 1500- The time ( 1500) is often revered to as the “High Renaissance” because of the greatness of the works created by all three artists

MICHELANGELO SCULPTOR ARCHITECT PAINTER

THE PIETA

Check out the detail

DAVID

Michelangelo was an architect You need to know that he designed…

DESIGNER OF ST. PETER’S DOME

INSIDE THE DOME

THE SISTINE CHAPEL WHAT WAS MICHELANGELO SAYING??

THE LAST JUDGMENT

DA VINCI BEST EXAMPLE OF A RENAISSANCE MAN DID MANY THINGS AND DID MANY THINGS WELL

THE MOST FAMOUS PAINTING IN THE WORLD MONA LISA

SELF PORTRAIT

THE ANNUNCIATION

VITRUVIAN MAN NAME “VITRUVIAN” IS TAKEN FROM THAT OF A FIRST CENTURY ROMAN ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER WHO USED SQUARES AND CIRCLES TO SHOW THE BODY’S SYMMETRY.

THE LAST SUPPER

THE SKETCHBOOK HUMAN ANATOMY INVENTIONS MANY MILITARY DESIGNS

The Grotesques

RAPHAEL THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS

RAPHAEL MADONNAS THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS ( located in the Vatican) Shows Plato and Aristotle surrounded by other great philosophers and scientists

Who does the baby Jesus look like?

ADD THIS NAME…

BOTTECELLI PRIMAVERA

THE BIRTH OF VENUS