Four Rules of Aristotelian Logic 1. Rule of Identity: A is A 2. Rule of Non-Contradiction: A is not (-A) 3. Rule of Excluded Middle: Either A or (-A)

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

-- in other words, logic is

Advertisements

Basic Terms in Logic Michael Jhon M. Tamayao.

Methods of Proof. Methods of Proof The Vicky Pollard Proof Technique Prove that when n is even n2 is even. Assume n is 0, then n2 is 0, and that is.

Introduction to Proofs

Rules of Inferences Section 1.5. Definitions Argument: is a sequence of propositions (premises) that end with a proposition called conclusion. Valid Argument:

1 Valid and Invalid arguments. 2 Definition of Argument Sequence of statements: Statement 1; Statement 2; Therefore, Statement 3. Statements 1 and 2 are.

An overview Lecture prepared for MODULE-13 (Western Logic) BY- MINAKSHI PRAMANICK Guest Lecturer, Dept. Of Philosophy.

The Liar and Dialetheism The Liar, the Strengthened Liar Dialetheism: Motivations and Problems Keith Allen Office Hour: Weds (D/140)

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Logic Dept of Information management National Central University Yen-Liang Chen.

Deductive Arguments: Categorical Logic

Higher / Int.2 Philosophy 5. ” All are lunatics, but he who can analyze his delusion is called a philosopher.” Ambrose Bierce “ Those who lack the courage.

1 Introduction to Abstract Mathematics Valid AND Invalid Arguments 2.3 Instructor: Hayk Melikya

Euler’s circles Some A are not B. All B are C. Some A are not C. Algorithm = a method of solution guaranteed to give the right answer.

Logic 3 Tautological Implications and Tautological Equivalences

TR1413: Discrete Mathematics For Computer Science Lecture 3: Formal approach to propositional logic.

1 2 We demonstrate (show) that an argument is valid deriving by deriving (deducing) its conclusion from its premises using a few fundamental modes of.

Proof by Deduction. Deductions and Formal Proofs A deduction is a sequence of logic statements, each of which is known or assumed to be true A formal.

Copyright © Peter Cappello Logical Inferences Goals for propositional logic 1.Introduce notion of a valid argument & rules of inference. 2.Use inference.

Your name Mediate Inference. your name Mediate Inference Commonly called as argument Has two major types: –Deduction/Deductive Arg./Syllogism Categorical.

The Science of Good Reasons

Philosophy 148 Chapter 7. AffirmativeNegative UniversalA: All S are PE: No S is P ParticularI: Some S is PO: Some S is not P.

Fallacies The proposition [(p  q)  q]  p is not a tautology, because it is false when p is false and q is true. This type of incorrect reasoning is.

Logic in Everyday Life.

Logic A: Capital punishment is immoral. B: No it isn’t! A: Yes it is! B: Well, what do you know about it? A: I know more about it then you do! B: Oh yeah?

Question of the Day!  We shared a lot of examples of illogical arguments!  But how do you make a LOGICAL argument? What does your argument need? What.

Chapter 15: Rules for Judging Validity. Distribution (p. 152) Several of the rules use the notion of distribution. A term is distributed if it refers.

Propositional Calculus – Methods of Proof Predicate Calculus Math Foundations of Computer Science.

Ways of Knowing: Reason Reason. Cogito ergo sum Reasoning Deductive Inductive.

Introduction to Derivations in Sentential Logic PHIL 121: Methods of Reasoning April 8, 2013 Instructor:Karin Howe Binghamton University.

Logic – Basic Terms Logic: the study of how to reason well. Validity: Valid thinking is thinking in conformity with the rules. If the premises are true.

Breaking Down An Arguments Into Propositions

Philosophy: Logic and Logical arguments

Today’s Topics Introduction to Proofs Rules of Inference Rules of Equivalence.

CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS

The construction of a formal argument

Of 38 lecture 13: propositional logic – part II. of 38 propositional logic Gentzen system PROP_G design to be simple syntax and vocabulary the same as.

Giving good reasons. When listening to others, we cannot concentrate only on our own feelings and reactions We must listen to what they are saying.

2004/9/15fuzzy set theory chap02.ppt1 Classical Logic the forms of correct reasoning - formal logic.

GST 113: LOGIC, PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN EXISTECE

A Basic Guide OBSERVATION & INFERENCE.  Inference comes from the verb “to infer” which means to conclude by using logic  Therefore, inference (n.) is.

Categorical Propositions Chapter 5. Deductive Argument A deductive argument is one whose premises are claimed to provide conclusive grounds for the truth.

Deductive Reasoning. Inductive: premise offers support and evidenceInductive: premise offers support and evidence Deductive: premises offers proof that.

Copyright © Peter Cappello

Logic and Reasoning.

Deductive reasoning.

Deductive Logic, Categorical Syllogism

5 Categorical Syllogisms

Today’s Topics Introduction to Predicate Logic Venn Diagrams

Methods of Proof A mathematical theorem is usually of the form pq

Rules of Inference Section 1.6.

Chapter 3 Philosophy: Questions and theories

Introduction to Logic PHIL 240 Sections

Evaluate Deductive Reasoning and Spot Deductive Fallacies

Reasoning about Reasoning

Beginning to 3:27. Beginning to 3:27 What is a logical fallacy?

Phil2303 intro to logic.

5 Categorical Syllogisms

Symbolic Logic 2/25/2019 rd.

CSNB234 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Logic Logic is a discipline that studies the principles and methods used to construct valid arguments. An argument is a related sequence of statements.

6.4 Truth Tables for Arguments

8C Truth Tables, 8D, 8E Implications 8F Valid Arguments

THE LAWS OF LOGIC Let’s be reasonable!.

Mystery Picture ????????????.

Propositional Logic 1) Introduction Copyright 2008, Scott Gray.

Evaluating Deductive Arguments

If there is any case in which true premises lead to a false conclusion, the argument is invalid. Therefore this argument is INVALID.

If there is any case in which true premises lead to a false conclusion, the argument is invalid. Therefore this argument is INVALID.

Presentation transcript:

Four Rules of Aristotelian Logic 1. Rule of Identity: A is A 2. Rule of Non-Contradiction: A is not (-A) 3. Rule of Excluded Middle: Either A or (-A) 4. Rule of Rational Inference

The building blocks of logical thought and reasoning: Argument: a collection of related propositions resulting in a conclusion Proposition: a declarative statement that affirms or denies something Premise: a proposition that sets forth a reason to draw a conclusion Conclusion: a proposition derived from the inferences of its premises