Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services S. Gallacher, E. Papadopoulou, N.K.Taylor, M.H.Williams Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Future Network & Mobile Summit 2011 Workshop on Putting Mobile Services into Context Warsaw 14th June 2011

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Overview  Background - PERSIST and SOCIETIES  What is Personalisation?  Personalisation in PERSIST and SOCIETIES  Conclusion

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services PERSIST  PERsonal Self-Improving SmarT Spaces  Bridging the gap between fixed smart spaces and mobile pervasiveness.  Personal Smart Space (PSS) Personal Area Network of Devices Owned by person or legal entity Can be mobile or fixed Can interact with other PSSs to share resources and information

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services SOCIETIES  Self Orchestrating CommunIty ambiEnT IntelligEnce Spaces  Integrating pervasive systems behaviour with social computing.  Community Smart Space (CSS) For both individuals and communities (static and dynamic) Provides enhanced user experience Encompasses pro-active smart space behaviour Includes dynamic sharing of community resources

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services WHAT IS PERSONALISATION? PERSONALISATION  IS the process of adapting the behaviour of a system to match the needs and preferences of the user.  MAKES a system behave differently for different users or for the same user in different contexts.  INCLUDES the way a system appears to the user and the effect on decision making (e.g. services selected).

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services WHAT IS PERSONALISATION? PERSONALISATION  Affects the way the overall system behaves, e.g. Devices or services it selects. User Identity (VID, DPI) selected for particular service. Pro-active actions taken.  Affects the way individual services behave, e.g. Parameters tailoring services to user’s needs.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services WHAT IS PERSONALISATION? PERSONALISATION  Is generally context-dependent.  Most important factor is location – preferences at home, at work, in town, ….  Another important factor is the presence of other people – one’s boss, one’s family, no one.  Other factors include current task, mood, …

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services WHAT IS PERSONALISATION? EXAMPLES OF PERSONALISATION  When the user requests a news service, selecting an appropriate one depending on whether one is at home, at work, in town.  Automatically turning one’s mobile phone to mute when one enters a lecture room.  When the user requests any service, selecting an appropriate virtual identity to use with the service.  Alerting one to the fact that a friend is nearby.  Triggering a service to switch on the heating at home as one leaves work.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services WHAT IS PERSONALISATION? DYNAMIC CONTEXT-AWARE PERSONALISATION  When a change is detected in the user’s context, this may affect the preferences for a running service.  E.g. “Automatically turning one’s mobile phone to mute when one enters a lecture room”  If the presence of other people changes, one may want one’s display to change.  …

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services PERSONALISATION IN DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES Term PERSONALISATION is interpreted differently by different communities.  INTELLIGENT TUTORING: tracks state of user’s knowledge and adjusts selection (and presentation) of educational material accordingly.  WEB BROWSING: affects screen layout, preferred urls, etc.  PERVASIVE SYSTEMS: affects selection and execution of services, and their adaptation according to user’s needs and preferences.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services PERSONALISATION AND USER MODELLING In order to personalise any system or service one must have some representation of the user’s needs and preferences This can take various forms:  List of attribute-value pairs.  If-then rules.  Neural net.  Bayesian network.  …

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services DIFFERENT USER MODELS FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS Different applications have different requirements and hence might prefer different forms of user model. E.g.:  INTELLIGENT TUTORING. Must keep track of state of user’s knowledge about a particular subject and prefs re material delivery. Can be dealt with by set of attr-value pairs that change incrementally.  PERVASIVE SYSTEMS. Much more complex. Selection, execution and adaptation of services are all context-dependent.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Personalisation and PSSs  A PSS (Personal Smart Space) consists of a collection of devices linked by a network.  A PSS may be fixed or mobile.  A PSS has a set of user preferences that represent the wishes of its owner.  When one PSSs meets another, they may share information and services.  User preferences are used to adapt the behaviour of the system when this happens.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Personalisation in PERSIST STRATEGIES USED TO HANDLE DIFFERENT ASPECTS:  Rule-based user preferences used to represent preferences that the user can see and change.  Neural nets developed as a supplement to rule- based preferences.  Bayesian networks used to infer context attributes relating to the user.  This talk will focus on rule-based preferences.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services FORMAT OF SIMPLE USER PREFERENCES:  IF-THEN-ELSE Rules  Outcome depends on user context  Example: IF location = “work” AND status = “busy” THEN call_action = “block” Personalisation in PERSIST

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services LearningPersonalisation Preference Merger Preference Manager Preference Condition Monitor User Intent Prediction User Intent Discovery C45 Learning Manager Sequence Learning Manager Bayesian Learning Manager Incremental Learning Algorithms Proactivity Decision Maker Decision Implementer Conflict Resolution Personalisation in PERSIST 3 Main components: Personalisation, Proactivity & Learning

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Personalisation in PERSIST Personalisation component includes 2 streams: - User intent - User preferences

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Implicit Profile Management  Monitor User Behaviour Create User Behaviour History  Extract user preferences and tasks Execute learning algorithms  Update knowledge base Merge new learnt behaviours  Monitor environment and predict outcomes  Apply outcomes to personalise resources  Respond to user feedback

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Event Manager Preferen ce Merging Learning Manager Context History Mgmt Context Broker Context Database Context History Database UIM Event Increase counter by 1 If counter >=2 Trigger Learning Cycle Request History set Run Learning Cycle Return History set Retrieve Existing Preferences Preferen ce Manager Merge New and Existing Preferences Return Existing Preferences Store New Preferences Updated Preferences PCM Send Event to Notify PCM Request Updated Preference Information Add Information to Tables and register for context events Learning User Preferences

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services SOCIETIES  Within SOCIETIES personalisation will follow similar pattern: Use of preferences to determine which identity to use when starting services. Dynamic personalisation of individual services from user preferences – both pervasive and social networking. Proactive action on the user’s behalf – e.g. prompting the creation of communities dynamically when relevant. Determining of user intent and using this to predict future actions.

Putting Mobile Services into ContextDynamic Context-aware Personalisation for Smart Services Conclusion  Dynamic Context-Aware Personalisation involves a number of functions: Constantly monitor user behaviour and context to identify when proactive action is required. When a service starts execution, evaluate user preferences & apply outcomes to personalise resources. Provide user with means to intervene. Monitor context changes to determine when changes to preferences need to be applied. Accumulate a history of user behaviour and context. Apply learning algorithms to this to extract user preferences and tasks. Merge new learnt behaviours and keep knowledge base up to date. Respond to user feedback

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