Gr. 6 Ch. 7-2, Sparta/Athens

Key Points 7-1 Positive result of Dark Age?

* Greeks left mainland [poverty, less trade] and settled in other countries. Positive result: Greek culture spread Colonization: establishing colonies in other countries

* Invention allowing merchants to trade for money?

* Greeks began minting coins Allowed merchants to trade for money

Agenda Key Points 7-1 Intro to 7-2--Elbow partners Correct Guided Reading Summary Notes Homework: Complete Guided Reading

Ch. 7, Section 2 Elbow partners: How do you feel when someone makes a decision that affects you without asking for your opinion? Example?

Share Connection: Ancient Greeks who were basically shut out of governing make sure their voices were heard loud and clear Correct Guided Reading 7-2 and timeline

*Understanding the following: How tyrants were able to take power away from the nobles with the help of Greek farmers, merchants, and artisans. How the Spartans were able to control the people they conquered because they focused so much on military skills. Unlike the Spartans, the Athenians were more interested in building a democracy than building a military force.

Answers 7-1 T F – southeast F – trade F – Mycenaeans F – Agean Sea F – citizens

7-2, gr. 6 Tyrants overthrew nobles w/support of common people By 500 B.C., most city-states were either Oligarchies or democracies. A. few people have power in oligarchy B. all people share in gov’t in a democracy Sparta – oligarchy that focused on military training A. Spartans afraid helots [captive workers] might rebel, so trained them for war 1. Two kings headed a council of elders. a. Council included 28 citizens over age 60 b. Council presented laws to an assembly. 2. Assembly made up of all Spartans over age 30. a. Voted on the council’s laws. b. Chose ephors to enforce laws/collect taxes

Guided Reading 7-2, continued IV. Athens originally oligarchy but became democracy A. Noble name Solon canceled all farmers’ debts and freed slaves. B. Peisistratus won support of poor by giving them land/loaning $ C. Cleisthenes credited with making Athens a democracy 1. Reorganized assembly to play central role in governing 2. Created a council of 500 citizens to carry out daily business •Timeline

7-3, Guided Reading 1. Iran-country today that WAS Persia Cyrus the Great united Persians into powerful kingdom Treated subjects treated well, showed mercy during reign; example: let Jews in Babylon to return home, Canaan [Israel] Under Cyrus the following countries were conquered: Egypt, western India, and Thrace Cyrus – 559 B.C. to 530 B.C. Mesop. “land between two rivers” today is southwestern Iran Thrace = NE region of Greece

*Discussion Question How did Cyrus’s compassion for his people help the Persian Empire grow?

Answer * People are more likely to follow a ruler who cares about them. People more apt to overthrow cruel/unfair rulers.

7-3 continued 6. Zoroastrianism = Persian religion -Founded by Zoroaster Belief in one god Created everything Goodness about Creator Free will, in the end, goodness would prevail

7-3 continued 7. Greeks able to defeat Persians with brilliant strategic plan: -waited until Persia’s best and strongest soldiers [horsemen] boarded ship -Greeks attacked [came down from hills to plains of Marathon] foot soldiers -Vulnerable, Persians easily defeated Legend: Modern “marathon” [26 miles] named after Pheidippides, runner who ran 25 miles [Marathon to Athens] to claim “victory” [last breath] Persians = planned to attack Athens head on

7-3, continued 8. Even though Greeks lost Battle of Thermopylae [due to traitor], some of King Leonidas’s troops went on to fight to the death the Persians. -gave Athens time to assemble 200 ships. Persians found out about mountain path so went around Greeks Leonidas = King of Sparta—fought to death w

7-3 continued Battle of Plataea was a turning point -really upset that Persian burned Athens -determined more than ever to seek revenge against Persia -formed largest Greek army—ever! -also improved training of soldiers -now a formidable force –as a united front, city-states able cause Persians to BACK OFF—went to Asia Minor [current-day Turkey]