Hijrah Calendar 1431 H Computed by Capt Farhat N Siddiqui Description (1)Muharram HMuharram H 17 th December 2009 – 15 th January (1)Muharram HMuharram H 17 th December 2009 – 15 th January (2) Safar H 16 th January – 14 th February (2) Safar H 16 th January – 14 th February (3) Rabiul Auwwal-1431 H – 15 th February - 15 th March 2010 (3) Rabiul Auwwal-1431 H – 15 th February - 15 th March 2010 (4) Rabiuth-thani H 16 th March – 14 th April 2010 (4) Rabiuth-thani H 16 th March – 14 th April 2010 (5) Jamadul Awwal H 15 th April – 14 th May 2010 (5) Jamadul Awwal H 15 th April – 14 th May 2010 (6) Jamadul Thani H 15 th May – 12 th June 2010 (6) Jamadul Thani H 15 th May – 12 th June 2010 (7) Rajab H 13 th June – 11 th July 2010 (7) Rajab H 13 th June – 11 th July 2010 (8) Shaban H 12 th July – 10 th August 2010 (8) Shaban H 12 th July – 10 th August 2010 (9) Ramadan H 11 th August – 08 th September 2010 (9) Ramadan H 11 th August – 08 th September 2010 (10) Shawwal H 09 th September – 07 th October 2010 (10) Shawwal H 09 th September – 07 th October 2010 (11) Dhul Qadah H 08 th October – 06 th November 2010 (11) Dhul Qadah H 08 th October – 06 th November 2010 (12) Dhul Hajjah H 07 th November – 05 th December 2010 (12) Dhul Hajjah H 07 th November – 05 th December 2010 About Exit

The Hijrah calendar presented below is based on the concept of ‘Conjunction’. Conjunction occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and the center of the Sun, the center of Moon and the center of Earth are in “ONE PLANE”. The Conjunction marks the end of the Hijrah month. The next Hijrah month commences on the “next DAY” of the “Conjunction DAY”. For example, if the Conjunction occurred on Thursday, the next month begins on Friday. It is important to note that, for the commencement of the new month the “time of Conjunction” is not the criterion and should not be applied. This is important as the calculation of the time of the day is totally and independently governed by the rotation of the Earth and the consequent apparent position of the sun in relation to a particular spot on Earth. To simplify, an observer on Earth divides his day and sets his clock on the basis of the Sun in relation to his Midnight Meridian. Conjunction dates and times (UT) are tabulated in Nautical Almanacs and websites for the entire year or years in advance. Hijrah Calendar 1431 H Next

In the calendar below the “Day of Conjunction” is used for the purpose of termination of the current Hijrah month. The Universal Time (UT) of Conjunction is used to calculate the Ground Position (GP) of the moon at the time of Conjunction. Ground Position (GP) of the Moon: The Ground Position (GP) can be defined as the point on the surface of the Earth through which a line joining the center of the Earth and the center of the Moon passes. For every Conjunction, the Ground Position (GP) on the world globe is marked by a Red marker and the exact Ground Position (GP) by Latitude and Longitude is mentioned in the text below the globe in red. The Globe: The purpose of the Globe is to demonstrate that over the 12 months of the lunar (Hijrah) year, Conjunction can appear at any spot and is thus, applicable world wide as there is only one Conjunction in one lunar (Hijrah) month. Moon Phases : The various phases of the Moon along with the Hijrah month dates are just for the purpose of demonstrating the waxing and the waning cycle of the moon in a Hijrah month. It shows a regular pattern which is typical for a 29 day month and also typical for 30 day month at a particular location on the Earth. In this calendar the pattern is for Makkah. Next Please note, the shape of these phases will not be applicable world wide as each place will have its own pattern. Brother Ali Manikfan has been making observations for the last 40 years from South India and the Maldives Islands and by looking at the Moon on a particular day is able not only to advise the date of that particular Hijrah month but also is able to indicate if that particular month will be a 29 day month or 30 day month.

It will be interesting to note that this phenomenon and this regular phase pattern is only possible for a Hijrah Calendar as this is the only lunar calendar which has remained unchanged since its inception. I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to Brother Ali Manikfan, my teacher for the inspiration and guidance provided through his website ‘Hijrahcalendar.com’. The information, which he has conveyed through his website is unique and eye-opening. Almost by accident we were introduced to the most sought personality in Saudi Arabia and in the astronomy world, that is Dr. Fadhl Noor Ahmed. He obtained his Ph. D. in Astronomy from UK and is responsible for setting up the Department of Astronomy in Saudi Arabia. He has many firsts to his credit which include but not limited to, the installation of the first telescope in Saudi Arabia, prepared 1300 to 1429 Hijra Calendar based on conjunction principle, calculation of Prayer times, etc. etc. the list continues. He is responsible for correcting our definition of the conjunction, which is reflected in this edition of 1431H Calendar. I must convey my sincere thanks to Br. Abdullateef who actually introduced Br. Manikfan and the Conjunction concept to me. Last but not the least I must thank Br. Khalid Shaukat for his painstaking efforts on the ‘moonsighting.com’ site. Besides providing unique crescent visibility diagrams, the site also contains much more valuable information. Next

My colleagues Syed Mutaharuddin Haqqani, Hani M. Al Sangedy and Mohamed Zia Ul Haq must be congratulated for their sincere efforts and assistance in the production of this calendar. I will be grateful to the readers and viewers for their comments and corrections of errors/omissions if any. May Allah be kind to us all. Wassalam Capt Farhat N Siddiqui Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Muhharram (1) – 1431H The conjunction occurs at 0711 Hrs (07:11 AM), UT on FRIDAY 30 th Muharram (1) 1431 H, corresponding to 0711 Hrs (07:11 AM), UT on FRIDAY 15 th January, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 21˚ 07.6΄ S, Long 74˚34.9΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1211 Hrs (12:11 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North are India, China and Russia. The month of Safar (2) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being SATURDAY 1 st Safar (2) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is SATURDAY 16 th January, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Safar (2) – 1431H The conjunction occurs at 0251 Hrs (02:51 AM), UT on SUNDAY 30 th Safar (2) 1431 H, corresponding to 0251 Hrs (02:51 AM), UT on SUNDAY 14 th February, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 10˚18.7΄ S, Long 139˚47.0΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1221 Hrs (12:21 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Indonesia, Japan and Russia. To the South is Australia. The month of Rabiul Auwwal (3) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being MONDAY 1 st Rabiul Auwwal (3) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is MONDAY 15 th February, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Rabiual Auwwal (3) – 1431H The conjunction occurs at 2101 Hrs (09:01 PM), UT on MONDAY 29 th Rabiual Auwwal (3) 1431 H, corresponding to 2101 Hrs (09:01 PM), UT on MONDAY 15 th March, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 02˚19.3΄N, Long 134˚52.6΄ W. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1201 Hrs (12:01 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North is Canada. To the South is Pacific Ocean. The month of Rabiuth-Thani (4) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being TUESDAY 1 st Rabiuth-Thani (4) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is TUESDAY 16 th March, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Rabiuth-Thani (4) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 1229 Hrs (12:29 PM), UT on WEDNESDAY 30 th Rabiuth-Thani (4) 1431 H, corresponding to 1229 Hrs (12:29 PM), UT on WEDNESDAY 14 th April, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 14˚04.3΄ N, Long 009˚02.8΄W. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1209 Hrs (12:09 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Morocco, Spain and Ireland. Places to the South are Ivory Coast. The month of Jamadul Awwal (5) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being THURSDAY 1 st Jamadul Awwal (5) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is THURSDAY 15 th April, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Jamadul Awwal (5) – 1431H The conjunction occurs at 0104 Hrs (01:04 AM), UT on FRIDAY 30 th Jamadul Awwal (5) 1431 H, corresponding to 0104 Hrs (01:04 AM), UT on FRIDAY 14 th May, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 22˚20.5΄ N, Long 162˚00.9΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1134 Hrs (11:34 AM). The places along the Meridian to the North is Alaska (USA). To the South is Pacific Ocean. The month of Jamadul Thani (6) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being SATURDAY 1 st Jamadul Thani (6) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is SATURDAY 15 th May, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Jamadul Thani (6) – 1431H The conjunction occurs at 1115 Hrs (11:15 AM), UT on SATURDAY 29 th Jamadul Thani (6) 1431 H, corresponding to 1115 Hrs (11:15 AM), UT on SATURDAY 12 th June, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 25˚00.3΄ N, Long 011˚04.6΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1145 Hrs (11:45 AM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Morocco, Portugal and Ireland. In the South are Mauritania and Ivory Coast. The month of Rajab (7) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being SUNDAY 1 st Rajab (7) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is SUNDAY 13 th June, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Rajab (7) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 1940 Hrs (07:40 PM), UT on SUNDAY 29 th Rajab (7) 1431 H, corresponding to 1940 Hrs (07:40 PM), UT on SUNDAY 11 th July, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 21˚22.2΄N, Long 113˚43.3΄W. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1210 Hrs (12:10 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North are U.S. and Canada. To the South is Pacific Ocean. The month of Shaban (8) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being MONDAY 1 st Shaban (8) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is MONDAY 12 th July, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Shaban (8) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 0308 Hrs (03:08 AM), UT on TUESDAY 30 th Shaban (8) 1431 H, corresponding to (03:08 AM), UT on TUESDAY 10 th August, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 12˚42.8΄ N, Long 133˚24.5΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1208 Hrs (12:08 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Japan and Russia. Places to the South are East Indonesia and Australia. The month of Ramadan (9) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being WEDNESDAY 1 st Ramadan (9) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is WEDNESDAY 11 th August, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Ramadan (9) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 1030 Hrs (10:30 AM), UT on WEDNESDAY 29 th Ramadan (9) 1431 H, corresponding to 1030 Hrs (10:30 AM), UT on WEDNESDAY 8 th September, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 01˚23.3΄N, Long 020˚08.8΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1200 Hrs (12:00 PM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Chad, Libya, Greece and North Europe. To the South are Congo, Angola, Botswana and South Africa. The month of Shawwal (10) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being THURSDAY 1 st Shawwal (10) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is THURSDAY 9 th September, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Shawwal (10) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 1844 Hrs (06:44 PM), UT on THURSDAY 29 th Shawwal (10) 1431 H, corresponding to 1844 Hrs (06:44 PM), UT on THURSDAY 7 th October, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 10˚14.6΄S, Long 106˚00.6΄W. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1144 Hrs (11:44 AM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Mexico, US and Canada. To the South is the Pacific Ocean. The month of Dhul Qadah (11) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being FRIDAY 1 st Dhul Qadah (11) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is FRIDAY 8 th October, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Dhul Qadah (11) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 0452 Hrs (04:52 AM), UT on SATURDAY 30 th Dhul Qadah (11) 1431 H, corresponding to 0452 Hrs (04:52 AM), UT on SATURDAY 6 th November, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 19˚41.2΄S, Long 103˚39.5΄E. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1152 Hrs (11:52 AM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Mongolia and Russia. The area in the South is the Pacific Ocean. The month of Dhul Hajjah (12) 1431 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being SUNDAY 1 st Dhul Hajja (12) 1431 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is SUNDAY 7 th November, Main Menu

CONJUNCTION : - Month of Dhul Hajjah (12) – 1431 H The conjunction occurs at 1736 Hrs (05:36 PM), UT on SUNDAY 29 th Dhul Hajjah (12) 1431 H, corresponding to 1736 Hrs (05:36 PM), UT on SUNDAY 5 th December, The Ground Position (GP) of the Moon is Lat 24˚08.4΄S, Long 086˚33.8΄W. The Local Mean Time (LMT) at this location is 1156 Hrs (11:56 AM). The places along the Meridian to the North are Nicaragua, US and Canada. In the South is Pacific Ocean. The month of Muharram (1) for the New Year 1432 H commences the next day all over the world, the Hijrah date being MONDAY 1 st Muharram (1) 1432 H. The corresponding Gregorian date is MONDAY 6 th December, Main Menu

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