Starch Adhesives Additives Carmel Resins Starch Adhesives Additives 1

Carmel Resins Corrugated board is a construction whose strength depends on its "bonding points". The strength depends on: Type of starch Glue formulation Temperature Paper quality Glue penetration Running speed The bonding quality determines the final strength of the corrugated board. 2

Carmel Resins Additives Our premium resin products for corrugated container industry has set quality standards since its introduction in 1988. All of our resins are the result of continuous development to meet our customers needs and the new environment regulations. 3

Carmel Resins Additives All of our resins are listed by the FDA Regulation 21 CFR §175.105 and consequently can be safely used as a component of articles intended for use in packaging, transporting or holding food. All of our resins meet the updated legislation requirements of the EU and USA 4

Carmel Resins Additives Water resistance additives Corrugator performance enhancers. Adhesive penetration enhancers. Rheological modifier and viscosity stabilizer 5

Water Resistance Carmel Resins Starch glue, even if prepared properly, is water soluble. Starch glue weakens in a humid environment. In water, the board loses its strength until a total separation occurs. Quick test: 1.4 minutes 6

Water Resistance. Carmel Resins Water resistant corrugated board is required in a variety of industries: Foods and beverages Frozen foods High humidity areas Tobacco Fruits and vegetables Flower packaging Outdoor storage Hi-Tech consumer products 7

Water Resistance. Carmel Resins 1. Moisture Resistant Adhesive The level of water resistance required from a corrugating adhesive varies depending upon the application. 1. Moisture Resistant Adhesive Used for the least demanding applications. 2. Water Resistant Adhesive Medium level of performance 3. Water proof Adhesive Highest level of performance Quick test: 6.1 minutes 8

Mechanism of Water Resistance Carmel Resins Mechanism of Water Resistance Water resistance is achieved by a cross linking reaction between the starch/cellulose and the resin, in which a grid of covalent bonds is formed. The grid is formed after gelatinization of the glue. This chemical bond is stable in water, and thus the glue acquires water resistant qualities. The reaction is dependent on temperature and PH. 9

Mechanism of Water Resistance Carmel Resins Mechanism of Water Resistance Dry Starch Adhesive is water soluble Resin is water soluble Dry Starch Adhesive + Resin (pH >11 + temp >120°C) Polymer which is insoluble in water Optimum results occur after a required stacking period of 4-24h. 10

Starch and Cellulose are Isomers Carmel Resins Starch and Cellulose are Isomers 11

Proposed Mechanism Carmel Resins Condensation reaction between Resin and Hydroxyl- containing polymers , like starch and cellulose: Polymer = α -1,4 Polyglucoside (starch - amylose or amylopectin) and β-1,4 Polyglucoside (cellulose) 12

Carmel Resins Tests Wet pin adhesive test (PAT) 13

Carmel Resins Tests Wet box compression test (BCT) 14

Tests Carmel Resins up to 5 min. no resistance Quick test - testing of the water resistance of corrugated board. Soak a piece of cardboard in water at 50ºC. The results relate to the time needed for it to open by itself with just a touch of the hand. Quick test Opening period Resistance Evaluation up to 5 min. no resistance 5-10 min. low resistance 10-30 min. medium resistance over 30 min. very good resistance 15

FEFCO No 9 (European Fed. of Cardboard Manuf.) Carmel Resins Tests FEFCO No 9 (European Fed. of Cardboard Manuf.) The water resistance of the glue of corrugated fiberboard is measured by the length of time during which a predetermined combination of glue lines, immersed in water, resists the pull of a suspended weight in the plane vertical axis of the board, at a right angle to the glue lines. 16

Enhanced adhesive performance Carmel Resins Enhanced adhesive performance Green Bond and High Speed Side delamination issues arising on the corrugator is well known, in order to reduce this phenomena the decreasing of the corrugator’s speed is needed. The result is lower productivity and line efficiency, and higher costs. 17

Green Bond and High Speed Carmel Resins Green Bond and High Speed Side delamination can be overcome by increasing the tackiness of the wet glue leading to better bonding which allows working at higher speeds. Thus productivity and line efficiency increases, and costs decrease. 18

Enhanced Properties Carmel Resins A group of resins specifically designed to produce early green tackiness. ( CP-88/LV CP-88/LA, CP-88/LV20D) These polymers are film formers and possess a high concentration of polar chemical groups which cling to the cellulose of the board by hydrogen and physical bonds. The strong bonds allow higher running speeds with less waste, and accelerate production. 19

Enhanced adhesive penetration – CP-88/P Carmel Resins Enhanced adhesive penetration – CP-88/P This additive enables rapid migration of liquid starch adhesive into paper assisting the bonding of recycled liners, liners coated with synthetic polymers, preprinted liners and other difficult to penetrate substrates. This additive Improves bond quality and corrugator speeds on all grades of paper including heavy weights, double wall and triple wall. 20

RHEOLOGICAL MODIFIRE AND VISCOSITY STABILIZER– CP-88/VS Carmel Resins RHEOLOGICAL MODIFIRE AND VISCOSITY STABILIZER– CP-88/VS Affecting the adhesive film. Reduce adhesive consumption. Keeping adhesive viscosity stable for more than 24 hours without stirring or circulating. 21

Types of Additives Carmel Resins By appearance: Liquid: Can be applied at the kitchen or at the line. Exists in different concentrations from 30-65% solids (CP-88, CPV 25 and CPAV 37) . The high concentration resins ( LH5, LH6, LH8 ) are raw materials for different formulations. Powder: Can be applied at the adhesive blending tank or blended with one bag mix –OBM ready to use starch adhesive (TP1) 22

Additives Types Carmel Resins By application: Thermoseting Resins for water resistance: CP-88/I, CP-88/LI, CP-88/LH 5, CP-88/LH6, CP-88/TP1. different levels of water resistance according to resin concentration. Curing time 4-24h Poly-phenolic natural extract for water resistance: CP 88/T40 - Does not contain formaldehyde. 23

Additives Types Carmel Resins Enhanced adhesion and mechanical properties resins : CPAV 37, CPV 18, CPV-25, CP88-P - Do not contain formaldehyde. increases tackiness of the glue to allow higher speeds for the corrugator. 24

Blends with combined properties Carmel Resins Blends with combined properties Specific blends of proprietary resins: corrugators performance, water resistance, bond improvement and production speed enhancers- CP-88/LV, CP88/LA , CP-88/LV20D Can be adjusted for costumer requirements. Reduces curing time. Early or immediate converting. Increases green bond. Increases running speed. 25

Cost Carmel Resins Using Resins Save costs Wet Tack Running speed Productivity SAVE $ Wet Tack Green bond Energy SAVE $ Penetration Adhesive Energy SAVE $ Stable Viscosity Adhesive Energy Scrap SAVE $ Dry strength BCT,ECT paper gramage SAVE $ Stable Viscosity wet BCT Humid store price SAVE $ 26

Using resins in adhesives Carmel Resins Cost Using resins in adhesives SAVES production costs 27

Carmel Resins 28

Carmel Resins Thank you for your time 29

Carmel Resins 30