FRONTAL WEATHER Property of Lear Siegler. ELO 1: Action: The student will identify the characteristics common to all fronts. Condition: Given pertinent.

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Property of Lear Siegler

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Presentation transcript:

FRONTAL WEATHER Property of Lear Siegler

ELO 1: Action: The student will identify the characteristics common to all fronts. Condition: Given pertinent information about fronts Standard: IAW FM para 10-1, 10-2

FRONT - BOUNDARY BETWEEN AIR MASSES OF DIFFERENT DENSITY COLD WARM Property of Lear Siegler

H H L cP mT

Frontal weather is caused by the lifting of warm moist air by colder more dense air. ALL FRONTS HAVE A TEMPERATURE INVERSION

Property of Lear Siegler

FRONTAL DISCONTINUITIES TEMPERATURE DEWPOINT PRESSURE “FALL THEN RISE” WIND SHIFT : APPROX 90° DRIFT CORRECTION TO THE RIGHT Property of Lear Siegler

Cold Front Warm Front

ELO 2: Action: The student will identify the general characteristics of a cold front. Condition: Given pertinent information about cold fronts Standard: IAW FM para 10-3

CHARACTERISTICS OF A COLD FRONT Slope Clouds Width of weather band Winds Direction of movement Speed Symbol

CUMULONIMBUS 10,000’ 15,000’ 20,000’ 25,000’ Property of Lear Siegler

a. Slope -1:80 b. Cumuliform clouds c. 50 mile wide band of coverage d. Winds NW behind front, SW ahead e. Moves southeast f. 25 knots average speed Property of Lear Siegler

a.Average Slope – 1:80

25 kts Steep Slope 1:50

25 kts Shallow Slope 1:100

a. Slope -1:80 b. Cumuliform clouds c. 50 mile wide band of coverage d. Winds NW behind front, SW ahead e. Moves southeast f. 25 knots average speed 25 kts

a. Average Slope -1:80 b. Cumuliform clouds c. 50 mile wide band of coverage d. Winds NW behind front, SW ahead e. Moves southeast f. 25 knots average speed

Possible hail, destructive winds, and tornadoes Squall Line

Property of Lear Siegler

SQUALL LINE Property of Lear Siegler

Squall Line

ELO 3: Action: The student will identify the general characteristics of a warm fronts. Condition: Given pertinent information about warm fronts Standard: IAW FM para 10-4

CHARACTERISTICS OF A WARM FRONT Slope Clouds Width of weather band Winds Direction of movement Speed Symbol

a. Slope - 1:200 b. Stratiform clouds predominate c mile band of coverage d. Wind SW behind, SE ahead of the front e. Moves Northeast f. 15kts avg speed ST NS AS CS

Unstable Warm Front Property of Lear Siegler

a. Slope - 1:200 b. Stratiform clouds predominate Property of Lear Siegler

Stratus nimbo -

a. Slope - 1:200 b. Stratiform clouds predominate c mile band of coverage d. Wind SW behind, SE ahead of the front e. Moves Northeast f. 15kts avg speed 15 kts

a. Slope - 1:200b. Stratiform clouds predominate c mile band of coverage d. Wind SW behind, SE ahead of the front e. Moves Northeast f. 15kts avg speed

a. Slope - 1:200 b. Stratiform clouds predominate c mile band of coverage d. Wind SW behind, SE ahead of the front e. Moves Northeast f. 15kts avg speed Property of Lear Siegler

Cold Air Moving Southward Receding Cold Air

ELO 4: Action: The student will identify the general characteristics of a stationary front. Condition: Given pertinent information about stationary fronts Standard: IAW FM para 10-6

CHARACTERISTICS OF A STATIONARY FRONT Slope – 1:200 Clouds - Stratiform Width of weather band – 400 to 600 miles Winds – 180 o wind shift Symbol

Stationary Front Property of Lear Siegler

CHARACTERISTICS OF A STATIONARY FRONT Slope – 1:200 Clouds - Stratiform Width of weather band – 400 to 600 miles Winds – 180 o wind shift Symbol Direction of movement – unpredictable Speed – 0 to 5 knots

Stationary Front Property of Lear Siegler

ELO 5: Action: The student will identify the characteristics of an open wave. Condition: Given pertinent information about open waves Standard: IAW FM para 10-7

OPEN WAVE

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave

Property of Lear Siegler

Open Wave

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave

ELO 6: Action: The student will identify characteristics of an occluded front. Condition: Given pertinent information about occluded fronts Standard: IAW FM para 10-5

Occlusion in Action…

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave 5 o C 10 o C

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave 5 o C 10 o C “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge”

Property of Lear Siegler Cold Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge”

Property of Lear Siegler Cold Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge”

Open Wave Warmer Air Cold Front Warm Front 5 o C 10 o C

Open Wave Warmer Air “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge” 5 o C 10 o C

Open Wave Warmer Air “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge” 5 o C 10 o C 25 kts 15 kts

Cold Occlusion Warmer Air “Leading Edge” 5 o C “Trailing Edge” 10 o C

Cold Occlusion Warmer Air “Leading Edge” 5 o C “Trailing Edge” 10 o C

Cold Occlusion Warmer Air 10 o C 5 o C COLD FRONT “Leading Edge” WARM FRONT 25 kts 15 kts “Trailing Edge”

Cold Occlusion Warmer Air 10 o C “Trailing Edge” 5 o C “Leading Edge”

Cold Occlusion “Trailing Edge” 10 o C “Leading Edge” 5 o C Warmer Air

Cold Occlusion Warmer Air “Leading Edge” 5 o C “Trailing Edge” 10 o C

15 kts 25 kts 5oC5oC Cold Front Warm Front 10 o C Open Wave Trailing Edge Leading Edge

25 kts 15 kts 5oC5oC 10 o C Cold Occlusion

Property of Lear Siegler Cold Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C Stratocumulus Nimbostratus Altostratus Cumulonimbus Rain and Fog

Property of Lear Siegler Cold Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C Warm Air

15 kts 25 kts 10 o C Cold Front Warm Front 5oC5oC Open Wave Trailing Edge Leading Edge

25 kts 15 kts Warm Occlusion 10 o C 5oC5oC

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave 5 o C 10 o C

Property of Lear Siegler Open Wave 5 o C 10 o C “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge”

Property of Lear Siegler Warm Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge”

Property of Lear Siegler Warm Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C “Leading Edge” “Trailing Edge”

Property of Lear Siegler Warm Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C Stratocumulus Nimbostratus Cumulonimbus Rain and Fog

Property of Lear Siegler Warm Occlusion 5 o C 10 o C

Cold front occlusion – most severe weather above occlusion Warm front occlusion – most severe weather ahead of occlusion

Occlusions have the most violent weather of all fronts.

Cold front occlusion – most severe weather above occlusion Cold Occlusion

Warm front occlusion – most severe weather ahead of occlusion

ELO 7: Action: The student will identify the proper flight procedures to use when dealing with frontal weather while conducting flight operations. Condition: Given pertinent information about frontal weather conditions Standard: IAW FM para 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5

FRONTAL FLIGHT PROCEDURES Cold fronts and squall lines Warm fronts Stationary fronts Open wave Occluded fronts - WARNING !!!

ELO 8: Action: The student will identify the indications of frontal passage. Condition: Given pertinent information about fronts Standard: IAW FM para 10-2

FRONTAL PASSAGE On the ground – wind shift and temperature change In flight – OAT gauge – best indication Drift correction to the right

Safety First…

KOZR Route A Route C Route B KPNS

KOZR Route C KPNS

ROY G. BIV

FM References for today Frontal Weather Chapter 10

FM References for tomorrow… Mountain Waves 6-9 (d) Turbulence Chapter 11 Thunderstorms Chapter 12 Icing Chapter 14 Fog Chapter 15

The end

Ci Cs As Ns St WARM FRONT MILES Property of Lear Siegler

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