Objective: To explore the different progressive styles of these presidents by looking at their executive actions

COWBOY IN THE WHITE HOUSE 1901 WONT ALIENATE MORE CONSERVATIVE FACTION IN PARTY BOLD USE OF EXECUTIVE POWER CONTROL CORPORATIONS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES ACKNOWLEDGES SOCIAL & ECONOMIC PROBLEMS WHERE IN THE PAST PRESIDENTS HAVE IGNORED THEM

COAL STRIKE MAY 1902 – PA MINERS MORE MONEY & LESS HOURS OWNERS REFUSE TO NEGO- TIATE, TR STEPS IN & SQUARE DEAL BY OCTOBER 10% NOT 20% RAISE, 9 HOUR SHIFT NOT 8 & NO UNION RECOGNITION BY OWNERS DEPT OF COMMERCE & LABOR ESTABLISHED 1903 & SEPARATED INTO 2 10 YEARS LATER IMPORTANT ARM OF NEW DEPT. WAS BUREAU OF CORPORATIONS – PROBE BUSINESSES ENGAGED IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE

ELKINS RAILROAD ACT 1903: GIVING & GETTING REBATES ILLEGAL BUT…. NORTHERN SECURITIES CASE 1904: SETS FOUNDATION FOR EXECUTIVE POWER – COURT CALLS FOR DISSOLUTION OF HOLDING CO. GENTLEMANS AGREEMENT W/ US STEEL 1905: WORK WITH US OR ELSE – TR WANTS TO PRESERVE GOOD & ELIMIN- ATE BAD TRUSTS ELECTION 1904 – NO CONTEST – TR PRESIDENT IN HIS OWN RIGHT – 1 ST TIME SOCIALISTS RAN A CANDIDTATE – E.V. DEBS HEPBURN ACT 1906: ICC MORE POWERFUL & ACTIVE; DECISIONS RARELY OVERTURNED PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT 1906

TR MORE AGGRESSIVE ONCE ELECTION OVER & DECLARED NOT RUNNING FOR A 3 RD TERM ATTEMPTS TO CORNER MAR- KET ON COPPER STOCK FAIL J.P. MORGANS CASH INFUSION COLLAPSE OF TN COAL & IRON STOCK LED TO MERGER OF US STEEL & TN COAL TALK OF NEED FOR CENTRAL BANK BEGINS – LEADS TO FEDERAL RESERVE 1913

1877 DESERT LANDS ACT – MUST IRRIGATE 1891 FOREST RESERVE ACT- PRES. AUTHORITY TO SET ASIDE FEDERAL LAND – 46 MILL ACRES SIERRA CLUB NEWLANDS ACT – GROW-ING FEDERAL PRESENCE IN MANAG- ING H2O – PROFIT FROM LAND SALES TO IRRIGATION PROJECTS 1908 NATIONAL CONSERVATION CONFERENCE

HANDPICKED BY TR – TAFT WM. J. BRYAN & E.V. DEBS SUCCESSOR TO TRS POLICIES? THE REAL TRUST BUSTER- 43 ANTI- TRUST SUITS STANDARD OIL 1911 U.S. STEEL 1920 (BEGUN 1911) – TN COAL DECISION FURTHER ALIEN- ATES TAFT FROM TR *MANN ELKINS ACT 1910 – ICC LOOPHOLES CLOSED: SUSPEND RATE INCREASS & ESTAB. COM-MERCE COURT TO SPEED UP R.R. RATE CASES PAYNE ALDRICH TARIFF 1910 – NO REAL CHANGE MID TERM ELECTIONS FORSHA-DOW 1912 NATIONAL ELECTION BALLINGER PINCHOT AFFAIR – CONSERVATION ISSUES FOREIGN POLICY – DOLLAR DIPLOMACY – PROMOTE BUS. INTERESTS ABROAD; SUB. ECO TIES IN LIEU OF MILITARY ALLIANCES