“TR” Progressive Reformer Thinking Skill: Explicitly assess information and draw conclusions Objective: Assess the impact of TR’s reform efforts "This country will not be a permanently good place for any of us to live in unless we make it a reasonably good place for all of us to live in." Chicago, IL, June 17, 1912

“TR” the President

United Mine Workers Union Strike May 1902 mineworkers demand higher wages, shorter hours, recognition May 1902 mineworkers demand higher wages, shorter hours, recognition How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes? How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes? How did TR handle the UMWU strike? How did TR handle the UMWU strike? Arbitration – miners granted 10% pay increase and reduction in workday from 10 to 9 hours Arbitration – miners granted 10% pay increase and reduction in workday from 10 to 9 hours

How does the cartoon depict TR’s stance toward trusts?

A “Square Deal” for All Americans TR struggled to reconcile his moralism, conservatism, progressivism, and realism (recognition of big business power) TR struggled to reconcile his moralism, conservatism, progressivism, and realism (recognition of big business power) 1 st major anti-trust suit brought against Northern Securities Company (RR holding company) in st major anti-trust suit brought against Northern Securities Company (RR holding company) in vote, Supreme Court ordered NSC dissolved 5-4 vote, Supreme Court ordered NSC dissolved TR set sights on others: TR set sights on others: Standard Oil Co, American Tobacco Co, and even threatened U.S. Steel and International Harvester Standard Oil Co, American Tobacco Co, and even threatened U.S. Steel and International Harvester

What is the message of the cartoon? Big Stick “There is a homely old adage, which runs: ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.’ If the American nation will speak softly and yet build and keep at a pitch of the highest training a thoroughly efficient navy, the Monroe Doctrine will go far.” “Don’t hit at all if it is honorably possible to avoid hitting; but never hit soft.”

From Trustbusting to Regulating Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for inspection of meat packing plants Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for inspection of meat packing plants Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required accurate ingredient labels and prohibited unproven claims about a product Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required accurate ingredient labels and prohibited unproven claims about a product

Riding the Elephant Roosevelt often found himself faced with a difficult path leading the Republican party against opposition to his reforms. (Cartoon by W. A. Rogers, 1905)

Conservation Movement Preservationists- John Muir, Sierra Club sought to maintain wilderness areas for beauty and aesthetics Preservationists- John Muir, Sierra Club sought to maintain wilderness areas for beauty and aesthetics Developers- Big business sought to exploit resources for economic gain Developers- Big business sought to exploit resources for economic gain Mining, timber, farmers, ranchers Mining, timber, farmers, ranchers Conservationists- Gifford Pinchot, U.S. Forest Service sought to scientifically manage lands for public and commercial use Conservationists- Gifford Pinchot, U.S. Forest Service sought to scientifically manage lands for public and commercial use

Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir on Glacier Point, Yosemite Valley, California

Roosevelt was an avid hunter

TR’s Legacy What impact did President Roosevelt’s efforts leave on the U.S.? On the office of the Presidency?