John Silvester University of Southern California APAN 33, Chiang Mai, Thailand Feb 14, 2012

 University of Southern California and University of Washington develop local peering exchanges for their communities (remnants of the NSF regionals) due to proximity to major carrier hotels  Emergence of the next generation of REN’s (National and Regional) – purchased services vBNS -> (Abilene) Internet2 Calren (CENIC), PNWGP, …

.com collapse (c 2000) made acquisition of dark fiber leases possible  CENIC and PNWGP acquire West Coast leases for dark fiber and light to provide multiple waves (CISCO equipment)  Concept of Pacific Wave emerges – distributed exchange on the West Coast of the US to expand reach of the Seattle and Los Angeles peering exchanges using low cost waves

 Greatly increased no-cost peering opportunities significantly reducing commodity costs for the participants  Concept grew to a larger set of participants over time and eventually led to the national commodity peering partnership with Internet2  Growth in importance of peering with R&E networks domestically and internationally  Science goes global

 Provided a uniform West facing (trans-Pacific) interface for International Peering ◦ Cost reduction ◦ Facilitating interconnects ◦ Independence from landing points  (later added alternate fiber path to improve resiliency)  Number of connections and bandwidth increases (to 10G) led to addition of additional 10G PW backbone wave

 Growth of regionals, trans-border connections and desire to direct connect to other partners results in a flattening of the network (moving away from the hierarchical structure)  Challenges the business models of the NREN’s

 Availability of dark fiber led to the development of new networks with the ability to provision lambdas, circuits, lightpaths, capacitated virtual circuits  Fast take up by “big science” eventually maturing (?) into NREN architectures and service models providing static and dynamic “lightpaths” (of various flavours)

 Most exchanges are slow to provision the new services as they wait for agreement on what tools should be used for inter-domain lightpaths; and the fact that most International circuits do not support lightpaths  Exchanges mostly only support static lightpaths requiring manual interventions  But this is changing and SDN reinforces this shift  2012 may be the year of Dynamically reconfigurable Inter-domain Lightpath deployment on a global scale.  WIP (work in progress) at PW - see Thursday presentation for more details

 Bandwidth upgrades ◦ Internet2 => 100G ◦ 40G in other NREN backbones and some International links ◦ Trans-Pacific 40G coming real soon now!  Provides the scaling needed for CVC’s to be economically feasible  Network research (GENI, SDN, …) needs (and can help provide) these capabilities

 CENIC/PNWGP and Internet2 partner to provision 100G on the US West Coast (win- win)  Allows for upgrades of the PW core to 100G (and even multiple 100G as necessary)  Plans afoot for dynamic lightpaths through PW  Rethinking of Gigapop as Exchange Point in the Internet2 network, with Internet2 becoming a provider of LP’s through the network

 One expectation of a GOLE is that it be non- blocking between participants.  This is hard (or expensive) for a distributed GOLE to provide  Presents an interesting challenge for PW ◦ Split into 3 GOLES ◦ Continue to provide transparent (free) POP interconnect (in a non-blocking way) ◦ or