 Science › Latin word: mean “to know” › Process of inquiry that includes repeatable observations and testable hypotheses  “heart of science” › People asking questions about nature and believing that those questions are answerable

› Series of ordered steps › Two type: 1) Discovery science 2) Hypothesis-based science /hypothetico-deductive science

 Describing natural structure and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation  Led to important conclusion based on type of logic : it called inductive reasoning  Inductive conclusion : generalize the summarizes a large number of specific observation

 Example : › Leaf is green. All leaves are green › Rose is red. All roses are red › Leaf have chlorophyll. Leaf is green All leaves have chlorophyll

 Hyphotesis = tentative answer or trial explanation  Deductive reasoning › usage of deductive logic to test the hypothesis › Use the general observation to reach specific conclusion › General idea->result

Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Result Conclusion Result did not support hypothesis Result support hypothesis Suggest further experiment Develop theory

 Observation › What you see › Recognize problem  Question › What you want to know  Hypothesis › Tentative answer for some question › Proposed explanation that is testable  Prediction › Logical consequence of hypothesis

 Experiment › Having TWO group › Experimental group  2 group  Test differently › Control group  Standard for comparison with one or more experimental group  example : Mice in group A (control group) drink distilled water Mice in group B (experimental group) drink water with drug X Mice in group C (experimental group) drink water with drug Y

 Variable › Can be change › 3 types  Independent (manipulated)  condition or event under study  Set up  E.g : 2km,4km,6km  Dependent  Condition or event that may change due to the independent variables  Eg : result  Controlled  All the other condition and events that investigators attempt to keep the sum

 Theory › An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypothesis and supported by large of evidence

 Recorded observation  2 types of data › Qualitative data Recorded description Using note, camera etc E.g. : Jane recording her observation of monkey behavior during field search

 Quantitative data › Recorded the measurement (numerical)  Height of building  Weight of animal

UnitValueExponentRelative size 1 Meter100 cm10 0 Largest 1 centimeter0.01 m millimeter0.1cm Micrometer0.001mm nanometer0.001µm10 -9 Smallest 1 µm= 0.01 mm 1nm=0.001µm 1mm=1000µm= nm

 Weight – kg,g  Temperature- ⁰ C ⁰ C = 5/9 ( ⁰ F-32)  Concentration – mg/L,µg/L  Volume of liquid – liter,mL