The Soviet Union Under Stalin

Today’s Standard Essential Questin 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I. Explain the rise of Stalin and compare and contrast Stalin's Communist Russia to Hitler and Mussolini’s Fascist nations. Essential Questin

Stalin Becomes Dictator After Lenin dies (1924), Trotsky & Stalin compete for power 1928: Stalin has total command of Communist Party Focus on Russian development 4. Trotsky, Stalin’s main opponent forced into exile

Communism Under Stalin Karl Mark Communism = no central government Stalin communism = Totalitarian government Totalitarianism = total control over every aspect of public & private life Seems secure & stable, but no freedom

Economy Under Stalin Command Economy = Gov’t. controlled 5 Year Plan rapid industrialization & strengthening of national defense Increase output of steel, coal, oil, etc. by limiting production of consumer goods Improving transportation Increasing farm out-put Jobs, workers, & hours decided by gov’t Secret police (Cheka) enforced with imprisonment or execution Different from Lenin’s NEP which allowed some small capitalist enterprize Stalin said USSR 50-100 yrs behind advanced countries Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding Five-Year Plan Postcard states that "with honor, we will fulfill and fulfill again Stalin's new Five Year Plan".

Results of 5 Year Plan 1928-1939 huge growth in industry Working men and women had little to show Standard of living remained low Low quality goods Wages were low and workers were not allowed to strike

Agricultural Revolution Creation of Collective Farms: Government-owned Produce food for the State People resisted collectivization by killing farm animals, destroying tools and burning croups Kulaks = wealthy peasants; thousands executed or sent to camps Resistance continued 10 million died due to famine; millions more sent to Siberia

Weapons of Totalitarianism Police Terror Gulags – brutal labor camps Secret police Propaganda Indoctrination Censorship Religious Persecution pogroms Phone tapped; mail read; planted informers everywhere (even children to inform vs. parents) 4. Replace religious teaching with ideals of communism; League of the Militant Godless; Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and Jews targets; many religious leaders killed or sent to labor camps

Soviet Propaganda Posters The Giants of the Five Year Plan “The results of the Five Year Plan show that the working class is not only capable of destroying the old, but also of building the new” Long Live the Great Stalin!!

The Great Purge 1934 – 1939 Targets of Purge included Early Bolshevik revolutionaries Military heroes Anyone who became a threat At least 4 million people executed Results Increased Stalin's Power Hurt the government because so many important people were executed.

Propaganda Stalin propaganda poster, reading: "Beloved Stalin—good fortune of the people!" >Propaganda: biased or incomplete info used to sway people beliefs or actions Stalin sought to control the hearts and minds of Soviet citizens Censored opposing ideas, made himself a godlike figure Bombarded radios, loudspeakers, movies, theaters, schools, billboards, posters, newspapers w/ communist propaganda

Censorship and the Arts Gov’t controlled what books were published, what music was heard, and which works of Art were displayed. Stalin encouraged: Russification- making the cultures of nonRussians more Russian Atheism- belief that there is no God Socialist Realism- Show soviet life in a positive light Soviet ArtIn this Socialist Realist sculpture, a factory worker and a collective farmer raise the hammer and sickle together.

Benefits and Drawbacks Did not create a society of equals as promised head of society were the members of the Soviet party All Children attended free communist schools State provided free medical care, day care, inexpensive housing, public recreation Housing was scarce, meat , fruit and other foods were hard to get

Women Won equal rights Did same job as men More educational opportunities Also expected to produce offspring for future obedient citizens This woman is one of the workers charged with the job of constructing a giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".