Quantification and Spatial Relationship Karsten Rodenacker, Neuherberg Martina Hausner, München Anna A. Gorbushina, Oldenburg Forschungszentrum g

Content Introduction from perception to image analysis Measurement objects, groups of objects inter- and intra-relationships Examples Conclusion

Introduction Perception – recognition – differentiation – description Quantification Relation of qualitative and quantitative terms

Introduction The difficulty NOT to see something

Introduction The difficulty to see anything

Introduction The ease to see the impossible

Introduction Quantitative terms

Introduction How to relate qualitative and quantitative terms?

Introduction Digitisation Segmentation

Introduction Digitisation

Introduction Sub sectioning and change of scale

Introduction Extension Size Shape Structure Measurement (of one object)

Introduction Arrangement Relation Neighbourhood Measurement (of several objects)

Examples of measurements, objects and groups of objects Spatial relationships Measurement

Area Perimeter Extension

Measurement Shape Growth shape Density, intensity

Measurement Extensions Length (skeleton) =1621 px mean thickness =2.27 px

Measurement Neighbourhood closing on filaments

Measurement Spatial Relationship Delaunay triangulation nearest neighbours minimum spanning tree convex hull Skeleton neighbourhood

Measurement Spatial Relationship Example from pathology

Measurement Spatial relationship ( objects of different type) Distances to the red phaseDouble marked sludge flocks

Measurement Measurement continuum Measurement hierarchy pixelcontent location properties object content location external properties

Example Bacterial growth in flow chambers Differentiation of wild and mutant bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa by CLSM imaging

Example Wild (PA) and mutant (MW) bacteria Growth over time (slice # = depth)

Example Substrate coverage (closing) Wild type bacteriaMutant bacteria

Example Comparison of bacterial growth ( substrate area distribution, growth patterns ) mutant wild type

Example Bacterial growth in flow chambers Conjugative genetic transfer in bacterial biofilm

Example Quantification of colonies of micro colonial fungi from sub aerial biofilms coniosporium sp. and sarcinomyces sp. under soil (b), sand (s) coverage and in air (l)

Example Colonies of micro colonial fungi

Example Colonies of micro colonial fungi

Conclusion Perception, description and measurement of objects and object groups in images Exclusions (e.g. texture, filtering, fractals, etc.) Faith and (apparent) truth