1 Chapter 8 Looking Smart maximizing perception of intelligence Reference: Game Development Essentials Game Artificial Intelligence

2 Key Chapter Questions ■What are two types of cues that can be used to make the “intelligence” of the AI apparent (visible or audible) to the player? ■What are three techniques for optimizing the AI that preserve the player’s perception of the AI’s intelligence? ■What types of behaviors cause the AI to appear mechanical, rather than intelligent, to the player? ■When should cues be used to simulate an intelligent behavior, instead of creating an AI system to perform the behavior? ■Varied strategic choices indicate intelligence to the player. Why may the AI appear less intelligent if it always chooses the best strategy?

3 The ELIZA Effect ■make the AI visible to the player ■only implement AI that the player can detect ■avoid behaviors that appear mechanical ■show the player AI that makes choices ■give the player reason to see more than is really there

4 Make the AI Visible Brute ForcePerfect Dark Zero

5 Eliminate Invisible AI Activity Game Performance Efficiency 100 Percent Optimization Partial Optimizations Game Development Efficiency Command & Conquer: Generals

6 Avoid Behavior That Looks Mechanical The Red Alert 2 tesla trooper uses a series of tongue- in-cheek responses to demonstrate personality and style to the player.

7 Provide AI That Makes Choices Provide Multiple Options Minimize Random Behavior

8 Half-Life 2 Provide AI That Makes Choices Provide Strategic Choices Define Multiple Strategies

9 Provide AI That Makes Choices Provide Strategic Choices Implement the Strategies Free-form skirmish battles in Command & Conquer: Generals require the creation of a strategic AI system to control the enemy units. The linear nature of Perfect Dark Zero allows strategic behaviors to be scripted by a level designer.

10 Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault Half-Life 2 Provide AI That Makes Choices Provide Strategic Choices Choosing a Strategy Designer-Scripted Choice

11 Civilization IV The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-Earth Provide AI That Makes Choices Provide Strategic Choices Choosing a Strategy Programmed Choice

12 Use Cues That Imply Intelligence Scripting Simple Systems Implying an AI Behavior