AP SO FAR… A Review over chapters 1  21*

Objective ◦ To Catch up on main ideas ◦ Address any hindrances ◦ Prepare for the AP exam and Final

AP’s Ideas.. ◦ Big Idea 1  The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life ◦ Big Idea 2  Biological systems utilize free energy an molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. ◦ Big Idea 3  Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes. ◦ Big Idea 4  Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions posses complex properties.

Units Covered So far… ◦ The Chemistry of Life: ◦ Chapters 1  5 ◦ The Cell: ◦ Chapters 6  12 ◦ Genetics: ◦ Chapters 13  15 ◦ Gene Activity & Biotechnology: ◦ Chapters 16  21*

The Chemistry of Life: What you need to Know… ◦ Three subatomic particles ◦ The types of chemical bonds ◦ Hydrogen bonding ◦ Interpreting the pH scale ◦ Buffers in biological systems ◦ Properties of Carbon ◦ The difference and importance of dehydration and hydrolysis rxns. ◦ Recognize the structure of the four groups of organic compounds.

The Cell: What you need to Know… ◦ About the Cell ◦ Difference btwn. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ◦ Structure and Function of Organelles common to and solely for plant and animals ◦ Components of cellular membranes ◦ Movement of water and solutes in and out of the cell ◦ Electrochemical gradients ◦ Cellular Energy ◦ ATP and energy coupling ◦ Enzyme Activity ◦ Cellular Respiration ◦ Photosynthesis Photosynthesis ◦ Cell Communication ◦ Three stages: reception, transduction, and response ◦ G – coupled receptors ◦ Phosphorylation ◦ Apoptosis ◦ Cell Cycle

Genetics: What you need to Know… ◦ Difference btwn. Sexual and Asexual reproduction ◦ Meiosis and fertilization Meiosis fertilization ◦ Reducing the chromosome number ◦ Importance of: ◦ Crossing – Over ◦ Independent Assortment ◦ Random Fertilization ◦ P 1, F 1 ; F 2 generations ◦ “Genetic terms”: ◦ Dominant, recessive, homozygous etc. ◦ Gene vs. Allele ◦ Reading a Pedigree ◦ Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance ◦ Sex – linked genes ◦ Alteration of Chromosome ◦ Genomic Imprinting

Gene Activity & Biotechnology ◦ DNA Structure ◦ Packaging DNA into a Chromosome ◦ Major Steps of Replication Major Steps of Replication ◦ Central Dogma ◦ DNA  RNA  Protein (processes involved) ◦ Key terms: ◦ Gene Expression, Transcription & Translation ◦ Major Steps of Transcription ◦ Major Steps of Translation ◦ Mutations and Amino Acid Sequencing ◦ Three Parts of the Operon ◦ Repressor Genes ◦ DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation ◦ Cancer: ◦ Oncogenes, Proto – Oncogenes, & Tumor Suppressor genes ◦ Embryonic Development ◦ Components of Virus ◦ Lytic & Lysogenic Cycles ◦ Key Terms: ◦ Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology & Recombinant DNA

Gene Activity & Biotechnology ◦ PCR & Gel Electrophoresis PCR ◦ Human Genome Project ◦ Comparing Genomes ◦ Evo – Devo ◦ Homeotic Genes & Homeoboxes

FINISHING OUT THE YEAR… Group Assignment and Projects

The Fourth Marking Period Project ◦ Get into groups of three/four ◦ Each group will be assigned a unit of exploration ◦ For each group you need the following roles: ◦ Leader ◦ Is responsible for the overall group competency ◦ Time keeping, workflow, overall ◦ Designer ◦ Is responsible for the project outline, and creating how the project is to be presented ◦ Researcher* (can be more than one) ◦ Uses outside sources to support unit objectives. ◦ Gives information to the designer and help with the project outline and “look”

The Task… ◦ Your team is going to present on the assigned unit. ◦ The group will be charged with creating a lesson that encompasses: ◦ Introductory Lesson ◦ 2 Activity/Explore Lessons ◦ Assessment Lesson ◦ The group will be given 60min. to present.

TimeLine… ◦ You will have two weeks to prepare, aka 5 class periods starting from today. ◦ *Revised*: The due date is April 11 th. ◦ All groups must have work completed.

What you will receive… ◦ Rubric ◦ Unit Goals ◦ Suggested Activities ◦ Chapters Covered ◦ Chapter Study Packets

Tying it all together… ◦ My task is to take from each presentation and compile a final assessment.

Remember… ◦ Even though you have two weeks, be sure to get together after class. ◦ Have fun with the Unit!!

Ready… 231