EPIDEMIOLOGY DIABETIC FOOT & HIGHER LEVEL AMPUTATIONS DFSI Oct 2006 DR. SHARAD PENDSEY NAGPUR

MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM GLOBAL  25% diabetics develop foot ulcers in their life time  Diabetic foot is the commonest indication for hospitalisation  Diabetic foot requires longest hospital stay

MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM GLOBAL  Diabetics are 40 times more likely to loose a leg as compared to non diabetics  75% of all leg amputations happen in people with diabetes  About 1 million people loose a leg, every year, due to diabetes

MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM GLOBAL Every 30 seconds a leg is lost somewhere in the world, due to diabetes

DIABETIC FOOT INFECTIONS SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS :  Barefoot walking  Inappropriate footwear-Hawaii slippers  Lack of awareness in patients & doctors  Faith healers & alternative medicine  Home surgery

n=7400

TYPES OF FOOT LESIONS  Neuropathic Foot 90 % Extrinsic 70 % Intrinsic 30 %  Neuroischaemic Foot 10 % The scenario would change with longevity & longstanding DM

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DIABETIC FOOT Western Our Series Prevalence 3% 3.61% Mean Age F/M Ratio 1:27 1:3 PVD 40-60% 4-8% Cost of treatment of foot ulcer(US$) Diagnosis to healing 14, Ref: Pendsey SP. Int.J.Diab.Dev.Countries(1994),vol.14

EPIDEMIC OF DIABETES 38 million diabetics in India Type 1 diabetes only 1 to 3% Diabetic foot is rare in type 1 diabetics & constitute less than 0.5% of all cases In Sweden prevalence of Diabetic foot ulcer in type 1 is 10 % & type 2 is 9% Borssen, Diabetic Med. 1991,7,

THE DIABETIC FOOT TRIPLE JEOPARDY  NEUROPATHY  ISCHAEMIA  INFECTION

DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS  40-80% of ulcers eventually get infected  25-50% of infections require minor foot amputation  And 10-40% require major amputation

REALITIES  40,000 legs are amputated every year  Commonest indication - Infected Neuropathic Foot (potentially preventable)

MORTALITY & LEG AMPUTATIONS  Peri-Operative10%  30% of amputees die within 1 year  50% of amputees die within 3 years  50% of amputees undergo contralateral amputation within 5 years

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DIABETIC FOOT Western Our Series Mean Ageat amputation 75yrs 61.25yrs Mortality at 2yrs 40% 16% Contralateral amputation 30-50% 11.11% AK:BK Amputation 1:2 1:17 Cost of major amputation 73, (US$) Ref: Pendsey SP. Int.J.Diab.Dev.Countries(1994),vol.14

ANALYSIS OF DIABETIC FOOT CASES Major Amputations453.5% Minor Amputations25620% Salvage of foot % Total Number = 1283 Year 2000 – 2005

ANALYSIS OF AMPUTATIONS Major Amputations45 Trans femoral (AK)48.88% Trans tibial (BK) % Total Number = 1283 Year 2000 – 2005

ANALYSIS OF AMPUTATIONS Major Amputations45 Contralateral24.44% Mortality at 5 years920% Total Number = 1283 Year 2000 – 2005

Ethnic origin Amputation Rate Asians 3.4/10,000 Caucasians 14.2/10,000 Gujral et al. Diabetic Med. 1992,117, AMPUTATION RATES In individuals with diabetes in UK

FUTURE SHOCK  Longevity of people with DM  Type 1 & 2 DM > 30 yrs duration  Longterm complications of DM  Neuroischaemic feet  Charcot foot

FUTURE SHOCK  Leg amputations  AK Amputations  Bilateral Amputees  Mortality after Amputation

 50% reduction in leg amputations has been achieved in the Western World  85% amputations are preceded by trivial foot ulcers  India might emerge as the country with highest leg amputations in the world ALERT