Initial Release Version AIAA Ground Testing Technical Committee Status of “Future of Ground Testing” Working Group Steven Dunn September, 2013

Need Statement Aerospace and aeronautical ground test (GT), or experimental fluid dynamics (EFD), facilities are used to simulate flight conditions and situations for fundamental research and system and product development. As part of the simulation triad of experimental ground testing, computational methods, and flight testing, GT capabilities are important for validating computer simulations, providing information for geometries and conditions where computational methods are weak, and for supporting development and risk reduction at all stages of an aero product life cycle. The current and projected need for GT capabilities is based on the physics information needs for aero products across the research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) process – which is based on robust hazard identification and analysis and appetite for risk. A combination of pressures is placed on GT capability owners that affects the cost/risk trade-off by researchers and producers, including aging facilities, declining workloads, lean and retiring workforce, cost models attempting to make facilities pay for themselves that increase unit costs, uneven maintenance, uneven and declining funding for development of new measurement and test techniques, lack of understanding of the roles and integration of GT capabilities and computational methods, and milestone driven (versus risk-based) development of new products. The end-state of accomplishing modeling and simulation totally via computational methods requires extensive use of GT capabilities to get there. GT capabilities can be seen as expensive to sustain without an understanding of potential impacts from new research and from risk management during the product RDT&E process. It is clear that budget is driving decision making in many organizations and loss of existing capabilities and lack of investment in new capabilities could limit knowledge growth and cost many times more than is saved for the creating and fielding of new products. There is a need to define the environment-based need for experimental GT capabilities in term of risk versus cost over at least the next 25 years to assist government and industry decision makers as they determine what capabilities our country needs going forward. 2

Founding a Working Group The GTTC has long had a need, documented as a continuing action item, to produce an analysis of the direction and future of ground testing The nature of ground testing is evolving – greatly reduced government aero research, aging infrastructure, leaned and retiring workforce, industry consolidation leading to fewer new products being developed, tightening budgets (combined with efforts to (make the GT facilities “pay for themselves) over the last 25 years, organizational and program structural changes that make ground testing more transactional, many facilities closed and few being created, and significantly decreased high speed (supersonic and hypersonic) work Recent studies have found that the US is at or near a basic, core level of GT capabilities and that further reductions in capability will impact the ability to produce research and new products The GTTC has sponsored a series of AIAA conference invited sessions related to sustaining and managing ground test infrastructure A NATO working group is being proposed to address the sustainment and investment needs for ground test infrastructure for member nations and wishes in interact with the GTTC on this common area of interest. The GTTC decided to form a working group to accomplish the longstanding need to produce an analysis of the direction and future of ground testing at the AIAA Fluids (Summer) conference in San Diego, CA in June

Working Group Charter [Needs Revision] FUTURE OF GROUND TESTING WORKING GROUP SCOPE Ground Testing Facilities are in jeopardy of being closed due to budget restraints, perceived/actual cost savings, and short- term vision/budget planning cycles. STRUCTURE The Future of Ground Testing Working Group was formed under the auspices of the AIAA Ground Testing Technical Committee (GTTC), and will involve liaisons from other TC’s, including but not limited to AMT – and hopefully CFD/analysis users that can provide insight into their current and expected needs. The working group is staffed by selected volunteers from academia, industry and government and is not limited to members of the GTTC or AIAA. The Chairperson for the working group shall be a member of the GTTC and will be appointed by the GTTC Chairperson. An individual's service on the working group will continue until the objectives for which they were selected have been completed. OBJECTIVES Document how others have defined the future of propulsion and aerodynamic (wind tunnel) ground testing (will be defined more specifically below) Gather public domain reports, formal and white papers, briefings, news articles, industry and facility publications Using data above, conduct SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, threats, opportunities) analysis. Produce (at least) an AIAA conference paper on the results of this effort by ASM Prepare a political advocacy briefing, and establish connections with the AIAA Public Policy and Management Working Groups. OPERATION The working group will meet at least twice a year at the times and locations concurrent with scheduled GTTC meetings – as well as several conference call meetings between conferences to keep to proposed schedule. A formal report will be presented at each GTTC meeting. The working group will organize and chair technical sessions germane to the scope of the working group as requested by the GTTC. 4

Work Products Formal AIAA paper (or multiple papers) that captures the above work – Target presenting in GT invited session at 2015 SciTech Prepare an informational advocacy briefing – Full briefing is focused on the USA, with ability to adapt to EU and Japan – Focus is on logic of importance of GT role in industry RDT&E process and aero industry role and contribution to the Nation -- not addressing any particular political viewpoint or criticizing or supporting any particular stated political agenda – Put in terms financial and political (non-engineer) people can understand and act upon Interact with educator and political functionaries for advise, review, and input -- need to produce in a form that will be understood – Utilize and support AIAA public policy function – Look at tying in with the Aerospace Industries Association House and Senate Aerospace Caucuses Determine how AIAA and AIA can (or do) work together for areas of common interest – Engage at state and local levels 5

Approach Logistics Prepare charter and gain approval from GTTC (complete) Define chair and co-chair (Complete; Dunn is chair and Canacci is co-chair) Create a web site on the AIAA GTTC home page (Dunn action) Build the working group membership (start with attendees in San Diego) Develop a project-type process plan that will map process to products Define, specifically, how data will be acquired and analyzed Develop support network for product reviews Define how products will be released and expectations for how they will be used Determine what, if any, follow-up or additional work will be needed after the product releases 6

Approach Topic Areas to Explore Projected aeronautics/aerospace RDT&E needs Integration with computational methods, including the maturation of computational processes and how GT techniques and processes must evolve to support integration Integration with and support to flight testing Integration with measurement and instrumentation technologies maturation, including teaming to define needs to measurement developers and producers (again, integrated with CFD and flight test) Integration of government and industry development, proprietary versus open source Interdependencies within the RDT&E process and risks associated with potential loss of GT capabilities – Example: Accepting higher risk by not understanding product performance such that defects appear late in the RDT&E life cycle -- very costly to fix late – Transitioning fundamental research to technology demonstrations to product applications Facility owner needs and issues – Mission requirements and priorities – Condition of facilities – Capability sustainment efficacy (maintenance, investments, skill management, operations and maintenance processes, budgets and business processes – Improvement and modernization alignment with future market needs – Customer focus (for all customers) Market environment and needs Economic impacts – United States, EU and Great Britain, Japan – Breakouts based on GDP, jobs, net imports/exports – Technology spin-offs, estimate of additional positive impact on GDP Education impact (STEM support, Environmental headwinds and support (in addition to cited above, add geopolitical considerations, overall economic indicators, national and international politics (regulations/laws, taxation, market support or not, more) 7

Approach Collecting Information/Data Gather public domain (unclassified, public distribution) reports: formal papers and reports, white papers, briefings, news articles, industry and facility publications, more Utilize the web site on the AIAA GTTC home page for document storage and access 8

Approach Analysis Define primary topic areas Develop document review template (using topic areas) Collect documents Assign document reviewers Document review (using template to organize review inputs) Organize review information into strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) – Include timeframe information Define (knowledgeable estimate) projected GT capability and capacity gaps and excesses looking forward twenty years in terms of SWOT Develop recommended actions to align GT capabilities and capacities to near- and long-term market needs Produce work products 9

Schedule and Major Milestones 10

Actions for Next Two Months Develop working group membership (by ~9/30), Action: Dunn and Canacci Develop Plan (by 9/30), Action: Dunn (draft), Canacci and team (review and improve) Telecom (mid-October), Action to Set Up: Dunn and Canacci Develop Document Review Template (by mid-October), Action: Dunn (draft) and Canacci (Review and Improve) Set up Web Site (Complete), Action: Dunn, Leembruggen, and AIAA Collect, Post, and start reviewing Documents (started, keep going into next year), Action: Dunn and Canacci to Facilitate, WG members to accomplish 11

Team Member Time Commitment Everyone on this volunteer team is busy, so we’ll be very flexible Time is whatever you can do, as long as you occasionally contribute – we need your expertise! We will utilize an AIAA web site specific to this effort (all unclassified, non-proprietary information) as our information clearinghouse Planned interactions (each as you can support) until products ready: – s at least monthly – Bimonthly telecoms; review and status ongoing actions, will block out an hour and try to take 30 minutes; agenda sent before each call. – Working meetings at conferences (4 hours at each), aligned with GTTC meetings at the January 2014 ASM/SciTech (National Harbor, MD) and June 2014 Summer combined conference (Atlanta, GA) – Present findings at January 2015 SciTech/ASM 12