Unit 5 Georgia’s Constitution Georgia Performance Standards: SS8CG1: The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgia’s Constitution.

Georgia’s Constitution Georgia’s Constitution is a written set of guidelines for operating the state’s government. It is the highest set of laws for the state. The state has had 10 constitutions. Georgia’s Constitution outlines the following: Structure of government Elections Three branches of government Taxes Public Education Local Government Process for amending (making changes) to the Constitution

State Motto Georgia’s motto is Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation It is located on the state flag and seal.

Georgia State Government: Executive Branch, Legislative Branch, & Judicial Branch Georgia Performance Standards: SS8CG3: The student will analyze the role of the executive branch in Georgia state government. SS8CG2: The student will analyze the role of the legislative branch in Georgia State government. SS8CG4: The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government.

Branches of Georgia’s Government Georgia state government is divided into 3 branches: Executive, Legislative, & Judicial This helps to ensure that one branch does not have too much power = Checks and Balances

Executive Branch-Governor of Georgia Nathan Deal was sworn in as Georgia’s 82nd Governor on January 10, 2011. Qualifications for Governor: U.S. citizen for 5 years Resident of Georgia for the 6 years preceding the election 30 years old or older Role = Enforces Georgia’s laws

Lieutenant Governor On November 7, 2006, Casey Cagle made Georgia history by becoming the 1st Republican ever elected to the state’s 2nd highest office.   He was re-elected as the 11th Lt. Governor on November 2, 2010. Qualifications for Lt . Governor are: Must be a U.S. citizen for 5 years Lived in Georgia for six years 30 years old or older The Lt. Governor of Georgia has no restrictions on the number of times he or she can hold the office. Role = the Lt. Governor's primary job is to serve as President of the Georgia Senate. Takes over as Governor if the Governor dies, resigns, or is impeached.

Georgia State Executive Branch: Support Officers Dr. John Barge State Superintendent of Education: Oversees Georgia’s public education Sam Olens Attorney General: State lawyer Brian Kemp Secretary of State: Oversees state elections & official records

Georgia State Executive Branch: Support Officers Ralph Hudgens Commissioner of Insurance: Oversees the insurance industry in the state Tommy Irvin Commissioner of Agriculture: Oversees farming, crop production, & agribusiness in the state Mark Butler Commissioner of Labor: Oversees employment and Human Resources in the state

Georgia’s Legislative Branch The General Assembly’s role is creating state laws. It was established by the Georgia Constitution of 1777. This bicameral (2-houses) legislature is divided into the House of Representatives (180+ members) & the Senate (56 members). Every 2 years, Georgians elect these members.

Georgia’s Legislative Branch The General Assembly meets for 40 days, beginning the 2nd Monday in January. During this 40-day session, many bills (proposals for laws) are proposed. Some bills are passed into laws by a majority vote from the House of Representatives and the Senate. These laws will: Regulate people’s behavior Provide for local government Allow the state to raise and spend money Provide state services

Georgia’s Legislative Branch In the General Assembly, Georgia’s Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate. The Speaker of the House of Representatives presides over the House of Representatives In the event that both the Governor and Lieutenant Governor cannot fulfill their terms, the Speaker of the House of Representatives will become the Governor. If the Governor does not support a proposed bill, he or she can veto (reject it). Then, 2/3 majority vote from the House of Representatives and the Senate can override the Governor’s veto (rejection) of a bill.

Georgia’s Judicial Branch

Georgia’s Judicial Branch Its role is to interpret and apply the laws that the General Assembly creates each year. State courts handle two classes of disputes: Civil: The court helps to settle disputes between two or more parties. Criminal: The state takes legal action against someone who has been arrested for committing a crime (breaking the law).

Fourth Branch This additional branch focuses on Georgia’s citizens and their roles. The roles of the citizens are: Voting: Must be 18 years old or older Paying Taxes: Helps to fund & run the government Being a good citizen: Obey laws & volunteer in your community