GC Unit 6 The Age of Exploration.

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GC Unit 6 The Age of Exploration.

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Presentation transcript:

GC Unit 6 The Age of Exploration

Motivations “Glory, God and Gold” Gold: Spices (Marco Polo and Travels) Demand had risen as population recovered God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry

Innovation and Invention Maps (Cartography) Prince Henry the Navigator The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass Better vessels called Caravels triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls Armaments Better cannons

Portuguese are the first Led by Prince Henry Redesigned ships, made maps, trained sailors at school in Sagres Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488) Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498)

Christopher Columbus Spain wants in on trade profits Sail West to get East 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella give him 3 ships Depart Aug 3rd Scurvy, misery Arrive at San Salvador October 12th 1492

The voyages of Columbus

Dividing the World Spain and Portugal agree to the Line of Demarcation in 1493 Portugal gets the East and Spain the West The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 gave Brazil to Portugal Pedro Cabral claimed it for Portugal in 1500

Ferdinand Magellan September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate Portuguese but working for Spain 5 ships 285 men November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean March 1521 reach the Philippines Magellan killed September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return home

The Northwest Passage 1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to look for a route over N. America to the East Newfoundland (Grand Banks) 1535 Jacques Cartier and (France) Samuel De Champlain Henry Hudson 1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the Dutch Hudson Bay

The Spanish Empire Conquistadores 1519 Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and Montezuma (Mexico) 1532 Francisco Pizarro Defeats the Incas and Atahualpa (Peru)

The Spanish Model of Colonization Policies Viceroys (royal governors provide tight control) No women except natives Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)

Impacts of Spanish colonization Destruction of native language, culture and religion “Columbian exchange” New social structure Penninsulare, Creole Mestizo / Mulattoe Native Indian / African

Columbian Exchange