Viewing High Performance (HP) Design Shades of Green Viewing High Performance (HP) Design Southeastern Facility Masters Conference Southeastern Association of School Business Officials November 18-20, 2008 Little Rock, Arkansas Larry Schoff, PE Consultant to the US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program

DOE EnergySmart Schools Goals Approach Impact 1. Promote 50% improved efficiency in new schools and major renovations or additions and 30% in existing buildings 2. Develop and disseminate technical guidance, best practices and case studies which address existing buildings and new construction 3. Identify sources of financing for high performance schools and provide tools that help stakeholders make a compelling business case 4. Collaborate with national, regional, and local partners to promote healthy, high-performance schools Catalyze significant improvements in energy efficiency by promoting schools that progress towards net-zero energy buildings Anticipated total energy savings from 700 schools: 0.002 quads with $14 million in cost savings to schools by 2020 2

DOE EnergySmart Schools (cont.) New Construction and Major Renovations Primarily suburban districts and states with growing populations Opportunity: Design in sustainability and high-performance from the outset Target: At least 50% energy savings over ASHRAE standards Existing Buildings/Retrofits Primarily urban and rural districts, some driven by consolidations or need to upgrade aging infrastructures Target: At least 30% energy savings 3

Presentation Outline Defining High Performance/Green/Sustainability High Performance Design Guides “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design “Shading” Your High Performance Design Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools Financing High Performance Schools Conclusion

Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Green To significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and on the building occupants High Performance When a building, its systems and the occupants are operating effectively and efficiently 5

Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.) HP/Green Design Concepts apply to all building types LEED-NC initially applied to all Now – Building types having LEED documents K-12 Schools Shell Buildings Campus CHPS – Now adopted by several states 6

Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.) Life Cycle Cost vs. First Cost All of the decisions affecting this entire life cycle cost are made in the smallest portion of the building life cycle cost-design. High performance design must be incorporated from the start! Operation 50% Construction 11% Financing 14% Alterations 25% Design is ONLY 6%-8% construction cost 7

Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.) Integrated or Whole Building Design Whole-building design considers all building components Integrates all the subsystems Design team should be fully integrated from the beginning; all the pieces must fit together Building design team can include architects, engineers, building occupants and owners, and specialists in areas such as indoor air quality, materials, and energy use. 8

High Performance Design Guides ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) and Variations of CHPS LEED Local Government Guides 9

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 10

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Sustainable Sites Stormwater Design Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Alternative Transportation Site Selection/Disturbance Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 11

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Sustainable Sites Stormwater Design Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Alternative Transportation Site Selection/Disturbance Reflective roofing (ENERGY STAR) Provide shade of the non-roof impervious surfaces or light color paving Vegetative roof 12

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Sustainable Sites Stormwater Design Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Alternative Transportation Site Selection/Disturbance Bicycle storage and changing rooms Alternative fuel vehicles Public transportation Parking capacity 13

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Energy Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Building Commissioning Measurement and Verification Green Power Refrigeration Management Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 14

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Energy Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Building Commissioning Measurement and Verification Green Power Refrigeration Management Reduce energy at least 30% over baseline Reduce energy by 50% HP HVAC, lighting and ENERGY STAR compliant equipment 15

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Energy Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Building Commissioning Measurement and Verification Green Power Refrigeration Management Geo exchange Solar hot water heat PV system Wind turbine 16

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Water Efficiency Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Wastewater Technologies Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 17

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Water Efficiency Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Wastewater Technologies Native grasses and plants Rainwater Soil analysis No potable water used for landscaping 18

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Water Efficiency Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Wastewater Technologies Waterless urinals Low flush commodes Low flow faucets and shower heads Composting toilets Rainwater to flush commodes and urinals Occupancy sensors 19

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 20

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials Sort by type Reduce landfill costs Reuse on site 21

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials Installed cabinets and flooring Concrete, CMU, brick and steel Outside furniture 22

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials Wheat board Bamboo flooring Rubber flooring Linoleum Certified lumber Hay bales 23

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Indoor Environmental Quality Low-Emitting Materials System Controllability Thermal Comfort Daylight and Views Construction IAQ Plans – During and After Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control Outdoor Air Monitoring Increased Ventilation Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 24

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Indoor Environmental Quality Low-Emitting Materials System Controllability Thermal Comfort Daylight and Views Construction IAQ plans – During and After Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control Outdoor Air Monitoring Increased Ventilation Provide Daylighting and Views Clerestories Light tubes View glass Light shelves (interior and exterior) 25

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies 26

Energy Efficient Transformers “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Energy Efficient Transformers Currently, out of sight and out of mind—Today a “Dark Hole for Energy Inefficiency” in all building types Energy Being Lost Behind Closed Doors Energy Efficient Transformers A “Gold Mine” for efficiency and cost reductions 27

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Energy Efficient Transformers A DOE study* found that: Aging infrastructure and lightly loaded transformers 60-80 Billion kWh losses annually 40+ Million in commercial buildings Installing energy efficient transformers can save the equivalent of 9 days of electric power generation * Federal Register – Part II Department of Energy, EERE, 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment : Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers, July 29, 2004. 28

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Electrical Distribution Sub-metering of electrical circuits Lighting Outlet circuits Kitchen HVAC other 29

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Hallway Lighting Current design – on 12-18 hours a day Limited controls – all or nothing Consider controls on hallway segments Consider occupancy controls Consider dark schools Daylighting sensors / controls 30

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Placement of Light Switches Why are all usually placed at one location or door? Place only one at the door, others on other side of room Exterior Fluorescent Use for all exterior lighting Reduce energy consumption by 70+% Improved controllability 31

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder CO2 and Occupancy Sensors Control HVAC systems Lighting controls Outside air Electrical Outlet Control Why not control top outlet with an occupancy sensor? Reduce plug and phantom loads Daylighting Controls 32

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Oil Free Chillers – Non CFC Frictionless; “maintenance free” Reduces demand; energy use and costs Low Life Cycle Cost Modular/Condensing Boilers Improved efficiency Matches load with output Displacement Under-floor Ventilation Improved IAQ and reduced energy use 33

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Students, Administration, Community Increases energy awareness Have it interactive Twenhofel Middle School, KY Provides hands on experiences Translates technologies and building features to every day life 34

“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=n ew_bldg_design.bus_target_finder Available for different building types Helps establish an energy design goal – Kbtu/SF/Year Provides information for providing an energy budget 35

“Shading” Your High Performance Design Determining “Shades of Green” Degree of incorporation of HP/green design elements Number of HP/green elements used Energy efficiency of design – ENERGY STAR Doing the right thing – taking that first step 36

“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.) Light Green Integrated design Basic building commissioning East-west building orientation North and south facing windows Fluorescent fixtures and lamps including gym/multipurpose EMCS system on HVAC Low VOC paints and mastics Water source heat pump system with individual room controls Low-E glazing Energy efficient transformers Use of local materials Lighting design 1.2 watts/SF Energy modeling 37

“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.) Olive Green: Same as light plus or enhanced Whole building commissioning Clerestory design for day-lighting plus view glazings – light shelves Modular condensing boilers High efficiency chillers CO2 sensors to control outside air and fan motors Occupancy sensors to control both HVAC and lighting systems Daylighting controls Waterless urinals Fluorescent exterior lighting Recycled carpets Certified lumber and or renewable materials used for case work Installation of PV system for instruction purposes Heat recovery system for ventilation air Highly reflective roofing material Lighting design <1.1 watts/sf Daylight modeling 38

“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.) Dark Green: Same as olive plus or enhanced No-water landscaping; enhanced landscaping for shading of building Rainwater collection for necessary irrigation and flushing of restroom commodes Installation of solar hot water pre-heat system for kitchen use Installation of individual instant hot water heaters where needed Geo-exchange system for heating and cooling Pervious pavements Living machine for treating wastewater on site Expanded PV system to provide at least 15% of building electrical needs Purchase of green power Lighting design <0.9 watts/sf Green roof (vegetated) 39

Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools 40

Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.) Zack Elementary, Poudre School District, CO

Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.) The Dalles Middle School, Columbia River Opened September 2002 Capacity: 600 LEED Gold T-5 Lights and Sensors Geo Exchange System Natural Lighting Light Tubes Natural Ventilation EMS Light Screens Light Shelves 50-60% less Energy BOORA Architects

Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.) Third Creek Elementary School, NC First LEED GOLD School Amphibian Garden at Third Creek – Waste water Management

Third Creek Elementary School, NC

• Principles of Financing • Making a Business Case • Financing Options • State, Federal and Non-Profit Resources Co-branded by ASBO Endorsed by NSBA 45

Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools Principle 1. Determine Project Objectives Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming Principle 3. Identify All Cash Flows Principle 4. Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Principle 5. Select an Effective Cost-Benefit Mechanism Principle 6. Monitor and Verify Results

Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools (cont.) Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming Investing in relatively low-cost projects with quick paybacks undermines efforts to finance more capital-intensive efforts with significant long-term benefits that can leverage those short-term payback.

It’s Not Rocket Science Conclusion In today’s world, operation of educational buildings should reflect not only the needs of the district but also the needs and goals of the Nation. Let’s make High-Performance Buildings leading to Net Zero Energy Schools one of our goals in the 21st century. It’s Not Rocket Science

Does a HP Building = Energy Efficient Building? NO! Buildings don’t operate themselves, people do Energy awareness and proper operations are the keys to success in energy efficient operation

Webinar 1 Top 10 No-Cost Ways to Lower Your School’s Utility Bills Webinar 2 Top 10 Low-Cost Ways to Lower Your School's Utility Bills Webinar 3 Top 10 Investments to Lower Your School's Utility Bills Completed December 3, 2008, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST January 21, 2009, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST Hosted by Sponsored by For more information: Emily L. Knupp 202-552-1398 (direct) www.usgbc.og www.buildgreenschools.org

Information, tools and resources available at www.energysmartschools.gov Margo Appel Building Technologies Program U.S. Department of Energy (202) 586-9495 Margo.appel@ee.doe.gov Larry Schoff Energy Efficient Solutions (540) 961-2184 lschoff@rev.net Now is the right time to address pressing energy issues. The energy crisis in California threatens to spread nationwide. Energy issues are in the newspaper and on TV. They’re being debated on Capitol Hill and in every statehouse. School boards are starting to take seriously the issues of wise energy use. All of which is to say, you have an audience for your message about energy efficiency. Decision makers are paying attention and if you present a compelling case for action, they will respond. The time is right to make America’s schools Energy Smart. 51