Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Patrick Ji, Kevin Samuel, Anthony Lee Period 1 HAP

Function & Importance of Endocrine system Endocrine system - a collection of glands that secrete different hormones for the various functions and chemical reactions occurring within the body Maintain a stable environment within the body (homeostasis) http://www.buzzle.com/articles/endocrine-system-function.html Function & Importance of Endocrine system

Thyroid and Parathyroid

Location Thyroid glands located in neck Close to first part of trachea Parathyroid glands protrude from the surface of thyroid glands http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/anatomy.html Location

Function Thyroid glands: Parathyroid glands: Controls rate which body produces energy from nutrients Secretes hormones that regulate energy high production can causes weight loss, nervousness Low production can cause slowing of bodily function Parathyroid glands: Control the level of calcium in blood Produces hormone PTH which raises blood calcium level Animation: http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/conten t/chp42/4202003.html http://endocrinediseases.org/parathyroid/parathyroid_background.shtml http://www.innerbody.com/image/endo04.html#full-description http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202003.html Function

Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine

Thyroxin is the main hormone secreted into the blood stream by the thyroid gland. It is inactive most of the time in the body until it become its active form of Triiodothyronine.  Animation: http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0 /chapter46/mechanism_of_thyroxine_acti on.html Thyroxin

Triiodothyronine is the active form of the thyroid hormone thyroxin. Approximately 20% of triiodothyronine is secreted into the bloodstream directly by the thyroid gland.  The remaining 80% is produced from conversion of thyroxin by organs such as the liver and kidneys. Triiodothyronine

Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine Thyroxin plays a vital role in regulating the body’s metabolic rate, heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones. Too much thyroxin results in a tumor and goiter in the neck. Too little thyroxin results in autoimmune diseases and a decrease in metabolic rate. Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine

Goiters ~ A thyroid goiter is a dramatic enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiters are often removed because of cosmetic reasons or, more commonly, because they compress other vital structures of the neck including the trachea and the esophagus making breathing and swallowing difficult. Hyperparathyroidism- No symptoms at all Confusion, foggy thinking Muscle cramps. A tingling sensation in the hands and feet. Loss of energy, always tired Trouble sleeping, waking up at night. Heredity. If other family members had hyperparathyroidism, you are at greater risk to develop the disease. Diseases

The thyroid is a small gland about the size of two joined cherries The thyroid is a small gland about the size of two joined cherries. It is situated at the front of your neck, just below the larynx. The thyroid secretes (releases) three importanthormones – tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and calcitonin. Parathyroid All patients with hyperparathyroidism will develop osteoporosis There are no drugs that will make parathyroid disease better….None Interesting Facts

Concept Check 1. What is a symptom of Hyperparathyroidism? Sweating Muscle atrophy Fatigue Loss of appetite 2. What trouble can a goiter cause? Headaches Muscle pains Hair thinning Difficulty breathing Concept Check

Concept Check 3. What happens when too little T3 and T4 comes out? Sweating Hyperactivity Weight gain Weight loss 4. What is the function and importance of the Thyroid gland? The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. Concept Check

Bibliography Works Cited "Endocrine System Function." Buzzle. Buzzle, n.d. Web. 2013. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/endocrine-system- function.html>. "Parathyroid Disease." Cedars-Sinal. Cedars-Sinal, n.d. Web. 2013. <http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health- Conditions/Parathyroid-Disease.aspx>. "Parathyroid Glands: Function." The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons, n.d. Web. 2013. <http://endocrinediseases.org/parathyroid/parathyroid_ba ckground.shtml>. "Thyroid Gland Facts." House and Home. House and Home, n.d. Web. 2013. <http://www.houseandhome.org/thyroid- gland-facts>. Bibliography