Caesar’s English II Lesson XV

culp (blame) culprit, culpable, exculpate CULP means blame. We blame the culprit; to be culpable is to be guilty; and to exculpate someone is to free them from blame! Spanish…culpable

pugn (fight) pugnacious, pugilist, oppugn PUGN means fight. A pugnacious person is combative; a puglilist is a fighter; and to oppugn something is to attack or resist it! Spanish…pugnaz

URB (city) urban, suburb, urbane URB means city. An urban environment is a city environment; the suburbs are the neighborhoods around the city; and an urbane person is sophisticated and citified! Spanish…urbano

numer (number) numeral, enumeration, supernumerary NUMER means number. A numeral is a number; to enumerate is to list; and supernumeraries are extra people! Spanish…enumeración

acr (sharp) acrid, acerbity, acrimony ACR means sharp. An acrid smell such as ammonia is sharp; acerbity is sharpness of temper; and acrimony is a sharp and heated dispute! Spanish…acrimonia

Advanced Word: Pugnacious The adjective pugnacious comes from the stems pugn, fight, and ous, full of. To be pugnacious is to be combative, ready to fight anyone. Pugnacious people are aggressive and ready to challenge. Sometimes they seem insulting, with a chip on their shoulder. In 1974 E.L. Doctorow wrote, in his novel Ragtime, that “This caused him to tile his chin upwards in order to see, giving him a pugnacious look.” In Joseph Heller’s novel Catch-22 a character “thundered pugnaciously in a voice loud enough to rattle the whole building.”

Caesar’s English II Lesson XV Stem meaning Example culp blame culprit pugn fight Pugnacious urb city urban numer number Numeral acr sharp acrid

PUGILIST : PUGNACIOUS :: urban : suburban culprit : culpable exculpate : innocent enumerate : items

PUGILIST : PUGNACIOUS :: urban : suburban culprit : culpable exculpate : innocent enumerate : items

OPPUGN : SANCTION :: pugilist : glove city : suburb supernumerary : extra exculpate : convict

OPPUGN : SANCTION :: pugilist : glove city : suburb supernumerary : extra exculpate : convict

Find the best opposite. ACRIMONY pugnacity verisimilitude urbanity harmony

Find the best opposite. ACRIMONY pugnacity verisimilitude urbanity harmony

PUGNACIOUS mollifying oppugning enumerating exculpating

PUGNACIOUS mollifying oppugning enumerating exculpating

The gladiators were trained as expert ___________. culprits pugilists supernumeraries interlocutors

The gladiators were trained as expert ___________. culprits pugilists supernumeraries interlocutors

Prisoners captured in Gaul were rarely ____________. exculpated oppugned disputed enumerated

Prisoners captured in Gaul were rarely ____________. exculpated oppugned disputed enumerated

The spectacles in the Colosseum required a great many ______________. acrimonies numerals exculpations supernumeraries

The spectacles in the Colosseum required a great many ______________. acrimonies numerals exculpations supernumeraries

The Grammar of Vocabulary: pugnancious, an adjective. The pugnacious Gauls were no match for the legions. ________________________________________

Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge From Frederick Douglass’s Narrative I would allow myself to suffer…rather than ______________ myself. enumerate oppugn exculpate impute

Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge From Frederick Douglass’s Narrative I would allow myself to suffer…rather than ______________ myself. enumerate oppugn exculpate impute

From James Watson’s The Double Helix Rosy and Gosling were ___________ assertive. urbanely acrimoniously culpably pugnaciously

From James Watson’s The Double Helix Rosy and Gosling were ___________ assertive. urbanely acrimoniously culpably pugnaciously

From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre They treated her with coldness and ___________. enumeration acrimony pugnacity urbanity

From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre They treated her with coldness and ___________. enumeration acrimony pugnacity urbanity