2 Solutions lie in using emerging opportunities to reduce pressures & build conservation economies Plantations can meet global demand for wood commodities  70% global wood supply comes already comes from plantations which are ~7% of total global forests estate  Manufactured composite wood products dominate.  Demand for wood and pulp flat due to increasing efficiencies and changing patterns of consumption Solutions lie in increasing opportunities to reduce pressures and build conservation economies Planted forests can meet global demand for wood. 70% of global wood supply comes from purpose planted trees which are less than 7% of the global forest estate Manufactured composite wood products dominate the market Global demand for wood and paper is flat due to increased efficiencies and changing consumption

3 Solutions lie in using emerging opportunities to reduce pressures & build conservation economies Plantations can meet global demand for wood commodities  70% global wood supply comes already comes from plantations which are ~7% of total global forests estate  Manufactured composite wood products dominate.  Demand for wood and pulp flat due to increasing efficiencies and changing patterns of consumption influencing Global demand Customers in the north consume three quarters of the world’s solid wood and two thirds of its paper Big Box retailers like Walmart and Ikea are expanding in size and global reach and changing the rules of global timber supply chains There is a much greater role for consumer pressure in the North to influence environmental outcomes in the south.

444 An Australian project demonstrates that change is possible In an Australian first, a group of private landholders in Tasmania have relinquished their right to log their native forests in return for income based on avoided emissions from stopping logging.  The projects cover 25,000 hectares of forest and generates more than 200,000 verified carbon units for sale.  The return to landholders averages $A9.00 per credit.  All the projects make a significant contribution to the protection of rare and endangered species like the Tasmanian devil and have significant social benefits.  The project has been verified under the VCS, NCOS and CCB standards. 4 Solutions lie in using emerging opportunities to reduce pressures & build conservation economies Plantations can meet global demand for wood commodities  70% global wood supply comes already comes from plantations which are ~7% of total global forests estate  Manufactured composite wood products dominate.  Demand for wood and pulp flat due to increasing efficiencies and changing patterns of consumption influencing Global demand Northern retailers are introducing sustainability practices Walmart has a plan to reduce the growth of its carbon footprint by 150% over the next 5 years – 90% of which will be achieved by requiring changes from its suppliers The power of a ‘primary forest free’ brand – is there a role for IUCN? Greater international co-operation and regulation to prohibit trade in illegally logged wood

55 1.Climate funds 2. Payment for ecosystem services 3. Non-wood forest products 4. Conservation management 5. Eco-cultural tourism Build a conservation economy around primary forest protection

666 Climate Policy and Forest Protection Approaches to REDD and LULUCF will determine the success or failure of forest based climate solutions. Climate policy and rules must differentiate between Primary forests, re-growth forests and plantations. Forest based climate mitigation strategies must prioritise primary forest protection. Restoring degraded natural forests could help take the pressure off primary forests. Given the potential for perverse outcomes it is questionable whether REDD funds should subsidise better logging practices or promote HWP as preferable carbon storage.

7777 An Australian project demonstrates that change is possible In an Australian first, a group of private landholders in Tasmania have relinquished their right to log their native forests in return for income based on avoided emissions from stopping logging  The projects cover 25,000 hectares of forest and generates more than 200,000 verified carbon units for sale.  The return to landholders averages $A9.00 per credit.  All the projects make a significant contribution to the protection of rare and endangered species like the Tasmanian devil and have significant social benefits.  The project has been verified under the VCS, NCOS and CCB standards.

8888 And in Brazil the Australian Model is being explored The potential project area covers forests in the Amazonas in areas where land title is not disputed.  Interested partners in project development include the Amazonas State Centre for Climate Change, the Institute for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of Amazonas and the Australian company Redd Forests.  Funding is now being sought to conduct a feasibility study including consultation with landowners within the potential project areas.  The project aims to avoid emissions from preventing logging in areas of primary forest.

99 IUCN approach to offsets Congress Emissions offset through forest restoration and protection project in Sabah, Borneo Covers 12,000 hectares of planned 25,000 Is based on verified avoided emissions Includes a range of restoration activities Includes prevention of re-logging IUCN should and could help drive and showcase REDD best practice…..avoided emissions through Primary forest protection with direct and multiple benefits to local communities.

10 Improved Governance and Benefit Sharing? Fund based capacity building for REDD has the potential to leverage :  legal reform and improved transparency  improved monitoring, verification and reporting  Meaningful participation of indigenous and local people in decision making AND fair and equitable benefit sharing

11 Solutions lie in new approaches to protection Land tenure does not have to change to protect primary forests  IUCN Protected Areas categories I-VI  Indigenous protected areas  Connectivity conservation provides landscape-wide planning framework

12 Value of ecosystem services TEEB 2010: estimates the cost of biodiversity loss and ecosystem damage will = 18% of global economic output by Launched the Bank of Natural Capital to communicate findings of ‘Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature….’(PavanSukhdev) Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) Analysis published in ‘Nature’ of Amazonian rainforest found that exploitation of NTFPs could yield higher net revenue than logging and facilitates conservation of cultural and biological diversity (Peters et al). Ecosystem services and Non Forest Wood products

13 Source: IPPC TAR 2007 Avoiding emissions by protecting primary forests is a vital component of a comprehensive approach to climate change mitigation & biodiversity gives primary forests their resilience and adaptive capacity Conclusions We need international and national policy that recognizes the full range of values of primary forests Traditional obligations to country & sustainable livelihoods are incompatible with industrialisation of primary forests “Forests are disappearing partly because they are undervalued, and our market economy fails to recognize ecosystem services provided by intact forests. To stop losing this planet’s living treasure, we must understand and appreciate its full range of values, as well as its importance for human well-being and development” Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010). Forest Biodiversity—Earth’s Living Treasure. Montreal, The plantation sector can help save biodiversity by removing the need to log the world’s natural forests