Questions for lab Halobacterium is an extremophile. In which conditions is it able to grow? In which conditions does it grow best? In what ways do halo.

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Presentation transcript:

Questions for lab Halobacterium is an extremophile. In which conditions is it able to grow? In which conditions does it grow best? In what ways do halo change to respond to its environment?

Growth of halobacterium in light and dark, with and without oxygen

Remember ATP Cells need ATP for nearly all cellular processes that require energy, including growth Therefore, halo must be able to make ATP in the conditions that allow them to grow

MORE OUTPUT INPUT stored energy stored energy LESS P ATP ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY ADP + P P LESS stored energy

Results from lab In what ways do halo change to respond to its environment? Becomes more purple

1 2 3 4 5 What makes halobacterium purple? What is the purple membrane protein made of? 3 What is the purpose of the purple membrane protein? 4 Why do halobacterium grow better in the light? 5 What is the effect of the amount of light on the amount of purple membrane protein?

Halo have a purple membrane protein called bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Halobacterium cell Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)

Halo have a purple membrane protein called bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Halobacterium cell Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)

Halo have a purple membrane protein called bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Cell membrane

Bop + retinal = bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is made from a protein called bop and the molecule retinal Bop + retinal = bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Cell membrane Retinal Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Bop protein

BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP Halobacterium cell ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Note: other proteins are required for this process, but we will simplify and focus on BR

BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP Halobacterium cell ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Note: other proteins are required for this process, but we will simplify and focus on BR

BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Cell membrane LIGHT ADP + P ATP

BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP LIGHT PRESENT Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Cell membrane LIGHT ADP P + ATP ATP

Halo use bacteriorhodopsin (BR) to produce ATP using light energy LIGHT PRESENT LIGHT ABSENT (DARK) LIGHT LIGHT Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) ADP ADP + + P P ATP ATP

Halo use bacteriorhodopsin (BR) to produce ATP using light energy LIGHT PRESENT LIGHT ABSENT (DARK) LIGHT LIGHT Halobacterium cell Halobacterium cell ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP Halo use BR to produce ATP for growth and metabolism Halo cannot use BR to produce ATP

Halo change the expression of BR in response to the amount of light in their environment Halobacterium cell Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)

Halo change the expression of BR in response to the amount of light in their environment Halobacterium cell Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)

Halo change the expression of BR in response to the amount of light in their environment LIGHT PRESENT LIGHT ABSENT (DARK) LIGHT LIGHT Halobacterium cell Halobacterium cell When there is more light, halo respond by making more BR When there is less light, halo make less BR

OUR QUESTION: How do Halobacterium cells control the amount of BR expressed in response to light? What is the gene and protein network that regulates the expression of BR?