Seite 1 Replacement of batteries of PV-Systems GTZ 3 rd EAST AFRICA REGIONAL ENERGY MEETING, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27th – 30th October Presented by Andi Michel, Energising Development, GTZ

Seite 2 Page Content  PV – Systems  Rationale  PV - Batteries  Dangers  Electrification projects  Status of replacement systems  Way forward / Knowledge exchange

Seite 3 Page PV-Systems Consumer Charge controller PV-cells BATTERY 1000 cycles app. 3 years

Seite 4 Page Rationale  Bilateral- and reginoal development measures lead to an increased dissemination of PV-Systems ( > )  Main environmental risk of PV systems are the lead batteries, especially the lead recycling  In many countries no regulated recycling or disposal system for batteries in place  A lot of available PV Systems are of poor quality with a low lifespan (battery < 300 cycles)  Lead price is increasing  Role of the informel sector in recycling will increase  But: Advantages of PV Systems outweigh the risks

Seite 5 Page PV - Batteries  Batteries mainly consist of: lead metal (Pb), lead dioxide (PbO 2 ), sulphuric acid, lead sulfate (PbSO 4 )  Lead is toxic, harmful to the environment and causes cancer  Sulphuric acid additional contains lead particles  Inappr. opening of batteries releases “lead- dust”

Seite 6 Page Common recycling practise  Variation between rural and urban

Seite 7 Page Battery recycling factories Bhubaneswar and Kolkata, India Source : Blacksmith Institute 2008 OK International 2008

Seite 8 Page Electrification projects / status of replacement systems  Within EnDev 9 projects with PV - electrification component using batteries  Battery recycling system partially analysed  Honduras: replacement system for batteries through regular “battery replacement fee”  Your experience !

Seite 9 Page Way forward  Increase user awareness  Analyse current recycling practise  Solar and car batteries  Select pv-systems with high quality  Develop improved recycling / replacement systems  Exchange within projects   recycling of PV batteries of PV batteries

Seite 10 Page Thank you for your attention! Energising Development Energie und Transport (4413) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Postfach Eschborn Tel.: Fax: Internet: Andreas Michel

Seite 11 Page EnDev Projects – with PV systems Country PV for HH (SHS) PV for social inst. Senegal x Ugandaxx Bolivia x Hondurasxx Nicaraguax Ethiopia x Mali x Mosambiquex Bangladeshxx