Government

How governments determine citizen participation (role in government/power): AUTOCRACY OLIGARCHY DEMOCRACY

Citizen Participation Different governments decide a citizens’ role in government differently The government can share none, little, or most of its power with its citizens

Citizen’s Role (Power) MANY RIGHTS Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power)

3 main ways governments determine citizen participation . . . autocratic oligarchic democratic

rule by all OLIGARCHIC AUTOCRATIC rule by one DEMOCRATIC rule by all OLIGARCHIC rule by the few AUTOCRATIC rule by one Democracy: Oligarchy: Autocracy:

Autocratic Rule by One: One person has unlimited power The citizen has almost no role in the government Ruler is a monarch (ex. King, Queen, Emperor) or dictator

Oligarchy Rule by a Few (group): A small group has control The citizen has a very limited role

WARNING! Autocracy & Oligarchy Sometimes claim to rule for the people. In reality, the people have very little say in both types of government. Example - may hold elections with only one candidate or fake the election results Example - even when these governments have a legislature (branch that makes laws), they often only approve decisions made by the leaders. Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 9

Democracy Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues People have the most power Ruler is usually a president or prime minister

Now that you know the definitions, look at these three pictures. Decide which government each picture matches. Cut them out, glue them down next to the correct government.

rule by one OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATIC rule by all AUTOCRATC rule by one OLIGARCHIC rule by the few DEMOCRATIC rule by all

Government Positive Negative Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy

Balloon Demonstration

Balloon Demonstration You (sticky note)= CITIZEN Balloon = POWER Bag holder = RULER Be thinking . . . What kind of government are we representing with our actions?

Balloon Demonstration Government #1 – Everyone giving up a balloon to ONE ruler Government #2 – Everyone giving up a balloon to a small GROUP of rulers Government #3 - Everyone holding a balloon

Warm-up for 12.7.11 1.) Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy are three different types of governments that have to do with how ___________ participate in government 2.) Autocracy – rule by ______ Oligarchy – rule by _____ Democracy – rule by _____

ANSWERS 1.) Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy are three different types of governments that have to do with how citizens participate in government 2.) Autocracy – rule by ONE Oligarchy – rule by FEW Democracy – rule by ALL

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Autocratic (one) Oligarchic (few) Democratic (all)

Real World Examples Please take out a blank sheet of paper and rip it into 3 equally-sized pieces Think of one example from your own life for EACH type of government (autocracy, oligarchy, democracy) Write 1 example per slip of paper DO NOT write the type of government (autocracy, oligarchy, democracy) b/c your classmates will be guessing this Staple the 3 slips of paper together. Staple them in a RANDOM ORDER.

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Autocratic (one) Oligarchic (few) Democratic (all) Dictatorship Republic Theocracy Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Communism

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Autocratic (one) Absolute Monarchy Dictatorship

Examples of Autocratic Gov’ts Dictatorships Citizens unwillingly follow the ideas of a single leader The government controls all parts of citizens’ lives through military force or threats Citizens don’t have the power to change their ruler Examples- Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy), Stalin (Russia), Hussein (Iraq) Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 23

Examples of Autocratic Gov’ts Absolute Monarchy King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power Position is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives) People don’t have the power to limit their rulers Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of Western Europe Example – Saudi Arabia Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 24

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Oligarchic (few) Theocracy Communism

Examples of Oligarchy Theocracy Citizens may only elect leaders from a group of religious experts. Leaders claim to rule on the behalf of god. Elected religious experts make god’s laws into government laws EX: IRAN CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 26

Examples of Oligarchy Communism Citizens may only elect leaders from the Communist party The communist political group holds all the power in the government The communist government plans and controls the economy too EX: CHINA CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 27

Examples of Oligarchy Communism a single political party holds power state controls are forced NO private ownership of property All goods are to be equally shared by the people (ex. classless society) CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 28

Communism: The Beginning Began as a revolution to overthrow the rich and give poor workers more wealth and freedom END GOAL: an EQUAL society with no economic classes (EX. NO upper class, middle class, lower classes)

Communism: The Symbol Sickle & the Hammer Two tools are symbols of the industrial workers and the farmers Placing them together symbolizes the unity between industrial and agricultural workers

Vladimir Lenin SOVIET UNION Mao Zedong CHINA Fidel Castro CUBA Karl Marx FOUNDER Joseph Stalin SOVIET UNION Vladimir Lenin SOVIET UNION

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Democratic (all) Constitutional Monarchy Republic

Examples of Democratic Gov’t Republic Citizens elect representatives from any group to rule and make laws for them Citizens can vote out their leaders if they don’t like the way they are governing

Examples of Democratic Gov’t Constitutional Monarchy Monarch (King/Queen/Emperor) must follow the laws of the constitution and usually has no government power Citizens elect representatives from any group to rule and make laws for them Citizens can vote out their leaders if they don’t like how they are governing CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 34

Warm-up for 12.8.11 Give 2 examples of each type of government: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Autocratic (one) Oligarchic (few) Democratic (all) Dictatorship Republic Theocracy Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Communism

FIGURE HEAD The purpose of the figurehead was often to indicate the name of the ship or to demonstrate the wealth and might of the owner.

Examples of Democratic Gov’t Constitutional Monarchy Monarch → inherits title → has no real power (figure-head) Prime Minister/President → elected by citizens → holds the real government power CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 38

How leaders get power . . . You are receiving six pictures. Each box illustrates how the leaders in each gov’t (dictatorship, republic, theocracy, etc.) get their power. Figure out which illustration goes with each gov’t example and glue it down under the explanation.

& inheritance (figure-head) Constitutional Monarchy Leader gets power through military force Dictatorship Absolute Monarchy Leader gets power through relatives (inheritance) Leader gets power through religious group Theocracy Leader gets power through political party Communism Republic Leader gets power through citizen elections Leader gets power through election (true power) & inheritance (figure-head) Constitutional Monarchy

Citizen’s Role (Power) Voting Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Freedom of the press NO RIGHTS Citizen’s Role (Power) Autocratic (one) Oligarchic (few) Democratic (all) Dictatorship Republic Theocracy Constitutional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Communism

Constitutional Monarchy Democratic (all) Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues People have the most power President Constitutional Monarchy Presidential Parliament Prime Minister Republic Parliamentary

2 main forms of democratic governments . . . Presidential Parliamentary Each elects their government leaders differently

Branches of Government EXAMPLES President or Prime Minister Vice President Cabinets/Agencies - Departments of Agriculture, Defense, Education, Health, Homeland Security, Transportation, etc. Enforces Laws - makes sure laws are carried out Interprets laws – settles arguments about laws Makes laws EXAMPLES Congress (Senate & House of Representatives) Parliament EXAMPLES Supreme Court District courts & juries

Separation of Powers In 1787, the founding fathers wrote the Constitution, the document which establishes the basic principles of the American government. The Constitution calls for a separation of powers that divides the powers and duties of the government between three separate branches of government.

Balance of Power Each branch has its own responsibilities and at the same time the branches work together to make the country run smoothly and to assure that the rights of citizens are not ignored or disallowed. This is done through checks and balances. A branch may use its powers to check the powers of the other two in order to maintain a balance of power among the three branches of government.

Presidential Democracy Citizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

Parliamentary Democracy Citizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch Prime Minister Parliament

Presidential Democracy (definition) Executive branch is independent from the legislature Head of the executive branch (president) elected by citizens, not the legislature

Presidential Democracy (characteristics) Different branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) are equal in power Leader is called a president EXAMPLE U.S.A., Mexico, Brazil Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 53

Presidential Democracy Citizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

Parliamentary Democracy (definition) executive branch is dependent on legislative branch (Parliament) Head of executive branch (Prime Minister) elected by the legislature, not the citizens

Parliamentary Democracy (characteristics) NO clear separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches Legislature makes most decisions Leader is called a prime minister Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 56

Parliamentary Democracy Citizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch Prime Minister Parliament

Examples of Parliamentary Democracy U.K., Canada, Germany, Australia

What do you know? What is the main difference between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy? Presidential = executive branch (ex. President) is chosen by the citizens, not the legislature Parliamentary = executive branch (ex. Prime Minister) is chosen by the legislature (parliament) Which form of democracy do you think allows for more citizen participation? Why? Presidential b/c citizens get to vote for all 3 branches of gov’t

AUTOCRATIC OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATIC Rule by one Rule by the few Rule by all/many One person (ex. King, Emperor, Czar) possesses unlimited power The citizen has limited, if any, role in government Ruler gets power through inheritance or ruthless use of military & police power Examples Dictatorships- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Sudan Absolute Monarchy – King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power Position is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives) A small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes The citizen has a very limited role The ruling group gets its power from military power, wealth, religion or a combination. Political disagreement is usually suppressed (sometimes violently) Theocracy - a government run by religious authority Communism - NO private ownership of property Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues People have the most power Republic – the people elect representatives, not the people themselves, to govern and make laws Constitutional Monarchy –monarch must follow the laws of the constitution monarch is usually a figure-head, the real power rests with the legislature (Parliament/ Congress) who is elected by the citizens

Presidential Democracy Citizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

Parliamentary Democracy Citizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch Prime Minister Parliament

DEMOCRACY Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues People have the most power President Constitutional Monarchy Presidential Democracy Parliament Prime Minister Republic Parliamentary Democracy