Deployed Forces Communications Military Application of PCS Ladies and gentlemen! My name is Ragnar Wik, and I work at NC3A as Principal Scientist in the Architecture Branch/Communication Systems Division. The last years I have have been involved in development of a generic CIS architecture for deployed CIS in support of the Combined Joint task Force - CJTF. The work and exercises have been concentrated on used of the ACE deployable Command and Control System - ADC2S. The findings of the project and the proposed way ahead have a scope far beyond this initial capability - namely to produce a CIS architecture for NATO deployed forces. Based on the NC3A study and support of full scale CJTF HQ exercises with the NC3A ADC2S Communications Prototype, NATO have committed funds for implementation of the architecture presented here, for the ACE CIS Contingency Pool. This presentation will concentrate on the overall concept rather than specific details or exercise participation. The transport network between CJTF locations will neither be treated in this presentation. Applied CIS Technologies Branch CIS Division NATO Command, Control & Consultation Agency Email: pcs@nc3a.info NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Introduction Background Military PCS Requirement and Roles The Deployable TETRA System Testbed PCS Study NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NC3A Divisional Organisation CIS Comms & IS Systems Applied CIS Technology CIS Security Technology Core Information Systems Tech. CIS Architecture and Networks Transmission Technology and Systems CCS C2 Systems C2 Concepts & Architecture C2 Systems Design C2 Technology Sensors & Surveillance Theatre Missile Defence Study Mgmt Team ORFS OR & Func. Services Architectures & C3I Analyses Studies, Analyses & OR Techniques Defence Planning & Information Mgmt Forces & Armaments Analyses Applications Development Exercises, Design & Scenario Development ACQ Acquisition Project Management Cost Estimating and Analysis System Acquisition Contracting Integrated Logistics Support Quality Assurance Facilities NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Communications and Information Systems Division DSO Management Cell Divisional Admin support DSO (Div Staff officer) CIS Architecture and Networks Branch (CAN) A5 (~18 people) CIS architectures, interoperability and network design Applied CIS Technology Branch (ACT) A5 (~15 people) Emerging communications concepts and technologies CIS Security Technology Branch (CST) A5 (~12 people) CIS security and protection techniques and technologies Core Information Systems Technology Branch (IST) A5 (~18 people) Core AIS tools, structures and techniques Transmission Technology and Systems Branch (TTS) A5 (~18 people) Communications transmission technology and systems CIS Architecture Concepts and Interoperability Integration with Operational Architectures Modelling and Optimisation Requirements Capture and Performance Analysis Enterprise management Network design and Implementation Portals (NIP) Generic & Land/Naval/Air Deployed Comms Personal Comms Systems Secure GSM, G3.. Private Mobile Radio systems (TETRA) Wireless LANs, DVB, DAB Asymmetric Comms systems/techniques Narrow Band applications Compression technologies Information Security Transmission Security Computer Security Physical Security Threats and Countermeasures PKI Information Operations Network Security Operating Systems and IS integration tools Information Exchange techniques Directories and Services Data Base management Enterprise management Tools Geographic Information Systems technology Satcom Technology and Systems Radio Technology and Systems Propagation and Antennas Frequency and Spectrum Management Terrestrial transmission technology NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Deployable Communications Military PCS - Focus Areas End-End Secure GSM Terrestrial Secure PMR/PAMR (TETRA, Tetrapol, …) Space-based PCS (Iridium, Globalstar, Inmarsat, …) PCS Study NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Why PCS? NATO role has changed Composition of forces has changed Peacekeeping Peace Support Operations Crisis Response Operations Composition of forces has changed Increasingly multi-service, multi-national (Combined, Joint) Military budgets have changed NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Why PCS? “… The first requirement is for a secure cellular telephone that will operate throughout the EUCOM AOR. … Our frequent and rapid deployments throughout the theatre have shown a need for a small, secure, handheld cellular telephone similar in size, weight and design to the current commercial GSM handsets…” EUCOM J6, Feb 99 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

PCS Features Attractive to Military Wide area coverage (potentially world-wide) High mobility: hand - held, vehicle/boat/aircraft-mounted Ease of use Cost (terminal cost low, but potentially high utilisation or infrastructure cost) Rapid procurement (in times of crisis) Multiple media, e. g. sat/terrestrial cellular/PAMR Clearly satellite-based PCS are attractive for military use. The military significance of some of these features is obvious, such as worldwide coverage and mobility. A recent trend in military procurement is that there is less money available for complex, bespoke systems, but funding is made available in times of crisis. Consequently commercial solutions may be the only solution feasible for urgent requirements, particularly because commercial terminals are generally available quickly, are low-cost compared to military ones, and require minimal training. The ability to use diverse media is a means of reducing usage cost, which is a concern, but also improves the probability of communication success. NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Potential Military Use of PCS Crisis Response Operations Policing/traffic control Liaison (military unit/civilian organisation) Reconnaissance Liaison Urban Patrols Rural Patrols Voice Command Net Compound Security Logistic Routes and Fleet Tracking Military Intelligence and Other Special Forces This list of potential use is not structured but nevertheless provides examples. With recent events in the Balkans, Peace Support Operations are well known and commercial satellite systems are an obvious solution. Examples where high-mobility is required are policing and reconnaissance. Other examples are to provide coverage outside of the coverage provided by military satellites and to enhance capacity or to add diversity. Prior to the set-up of deployable military systems, a rapid set-up communications media is required for engineering order wire use and subsequently as a back-up media. Finally there are special purpose applications which are not supported by military systems and vehicle and container tracking is a good example. NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Potential Military Use of PCS (cont) Capacity enhancement Alternate means of communications Engineering order wire/back-up Special purpose, e. g. vehicle tracking Thales Vector End-End Secure TETRA NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Deployable TETRA System Configuration AVLS Gateway MCCIS Mobile with GPS Access Router Mobile Radio COP, Web, E-mail App Servers Base Station and Switch Handheld Voice Users ISDN Data Interface HiCom Digital PABX COP, Web, E-Mail, Clients Portable Data Users Command & Control System System Management NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NC3A Deployable TETRA System JWID - Jun ‘01 Strong Resolve - Feb ‘02 Banja Luka - Apr ‘02 Combined Endeavor - May ‘02 System Mgt Antenna Coupler Transceivers Dispatch Console Base Station Controller Switch NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Automated Vehicle Location System “AVLS” Converts GPS Position, Speed and Direction in NMEA sentences received from TETRA over SDS to standard OTH Gold Messages Sends Track messages to MCCIS or C2PC for display via network or serial interface Modular design supports position input from multiple sources (GSM, HF, etc.) Built on Linux for reliability NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Military PCS - Project Focus Areas End-End Secure GSM Terrestrial Secure PMR/PAMR (TETRA, Tetrapol, …) Space-based PCS (Iridium, Globalstar, Inmarsat, …) PCS Study NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Military PCS Study Overview NATO Combined Joint Task Force deployment for Crisis Response Operation Scenario Consider technologies within 5 years of commercial service Preliminary study of all relevant technologies More detailed study of representative available technologies Concurrent limited Evaluations & Trials Scope constrained to a small number of space-based and terrestrial systems representing inherently different approaches e.g. LEO vs. MEO vs. GEO satellite systems, GSM vs. TETRA NATO UNCLASSIFIED

PCS Study Methodology Derive PCS Comms Requirements Flow from identified scenario and security architecture Consider requirements for each phase of NATO deployment Develop Evaluation Criteria Mandatory & Optional/Desirable Capabilities & Services including Security Identify candidate technologies which meet requirements from Testbed experience Specifications, standards Vendor Web sites National agencies & labs Visits to/from industry NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Other PCS Activities AHWG of national technical, security and requirements staffs to promote security & interoperability Work with manufacturers and TETRA user community on End – End security standards Feed military requirements in at an early stage of civil standards development NC3A Military PCS Requirements Workshop Discuss available solutions Coordinate how NATO and nations can move forward together Promote open standards and interoperability NC3A working with manufacturers and users who are already developing standards for secure public safety services. NC3A feeding in military requirements early and encouraging manufacturers to provide the capabilities. Trying to converge complementary NATO and COTS standards. May use a NATO standard Narrow Band Voice Coder over a COTS standard secure data service. Make NC3A experience and knowledge available to those who need it (in NATO and nationally). Act as a focus for national work so military get larger weight and increased interoperability. NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Project DC PCS-Related Objectives Longer Term Promote the development of NATO security algorithms and profiles in co-operation with TETRA MoU, National Security Agencies and manufacturers Evaluate evolving PCS technology including: GSM and future packet data service, authentication and air interface encryption, end-to-end security and multi-mode terminals Influence standards development? Current Complete Study of PCS Technology for Military Communication Requirements Evaluate and Demonstrate Selected Commercial PCS Technology E - E Secure GSM Digital PMR/PAMR (TETRA) Integration of Military PCS into NATO Comms Architecture Integrate TETRA testbed infrastructure into deployable communication modules – demonstrate on field exercises Continue work with mfgs and user groups on E - E security NATO UNCLASSIFIED