‘sustainable development requires fundamental structural adaptations to the sociotechnical systems that service and co-constitute human needs. The innovation of more sustainable artefacts and practices cannot be effective without changes to the broader contexts in which they are produced and used..’ From the call for papers for this meeting… Caution…

Sociotechnical systems and transitions Socio technical as in recognising the social organisation of innovation and development, e.g. Hughes, Bijker, Geels technical as in the configuration of users and consumers, scripting, e.g. Woolgar, Akrich, Jelsma, etc. technical as in recognising material relations and non-human actors, hybrids, congealed social relations, e.g. Latour, Michael technical as in the materials of practice and the reproduction of normal and ordinary conventions and patterns of demand, Otnes, Reckwitz, Shove and Pantzar

Sociotechnical transitions in how services are delivered in what these services are (focus on provision and supply ) (focus on consumption and demand ) Governing ‘sustainable development requires fundamental structural adaptations to the sociotechnical systems that service and co- constitute human needs.

Go No Go Habits Conventions Infrastructures Resources Industrial sectors But there are limits to where governments dare to …

Who governs transitions in practice? Comfort Social networks Mobility Cleanliness, etc. If these are crucial for sustainability the question is then… The environmental burden of everyday life

Thinking about the governance of transitions in practice rather than of citizens, individuals, social groups, or even sociotechnical configurations practices depend upon the interconnection of elements including materials objects, competences, images and forms of mental activity. (Reckwitz 2002: 250). Elements of practice Relations between elements of practice Relations between practices means thinking about

new ingredients, new linkages, new practices stuff materials Competen ce procedure proper procedure images symbols

18-19th C. Europe Explaining daily showering bathing as a social activity porous skin, fear of plague, need a week to recover. controlled bathing as medicinal intervention - shock to organs, strength, (cold) water and moral toughening, not for women. social status, thrill, mineral waters, hydro- therapy sleep, circulation. sanitary science; cleanliness and godliness, civilisation, discipline, germ theory. USA, 48 litres of water per capita per day for personal hygiene (91% showering) UK, 27 litres of water pc pd for personal hygiene (36% showering) – freshness.

Bathroom infrastructure

Lots of stuff

Getting home Going out

Explaining transitions in showering Stuff Public provision, collective infrastructure Image Regeneration of whole body and of civic order Procedure Collective event, shared social calendar Stuff Instant hot water, private bathroom(s) Image self image, invigoration freshness, and fitness Procedure Fragmented moments, speed and convenience Stuff State investment in public health Image Moral-medical discipline, disease and disorder Procedure Regular private habits, weekly schedules.

Governing bathing National identity Cleanliness and godliness Dirt and social disorder Sanitary science Moral duty

innovation in practice Industry element Practitioner Media, friends, family Industry system Governments, sometimes Plumber, fitter Regulation, existing infrastructure

Pay £5 (now £8) to enter between 7.00 am and 6.30pm Monday to Friday, plus, improvements to public transport Deliberate intervention Economic Environmental Health and well being But who makes the system?

Images from London: 17 th February % of inner London respondents made some change to travel pattern 36% of charging zone respondents made some change to travel pattern What was going to happen?

Dynamic hot and cold spots

Congestion charging Governing relations between projects and practices has congestion charging reconfigured travel ‘projects’ and relations between practices? Sometimes, it depends upon what people were doing before. One system has differential ‘impacts’ London as a dynamic ‘living’ system Patterns of mobility change not only because of the scheme, but because of how other people respond to the scheme. London is still changing shape..for example, visiting friends and family… Relations between practices are re-arranged as a result of deliberate intervention - but the outcomes are ongoing and unpredictable. Congestion charging can be exported to other cities, but is likely to have different consequences (in and for practice) in different situations.

Thinking again about transitions in practice generates challenges and questions for concepts of governance Us and them (participation debate etc.) Exporting repeatable strategies A distinction that is eroded when dealing with the reproduction and transformation of practice Interventions in effect and in practice are ‘made’ by the full cast of actors, consumers and producers. Unexportable. Understanding how different practices emerge, persist and disappear, and how systems of practices fragment and form. How are problematic configurations kept ‘alive’? Who are their ‘carriers’? From the sociotechnical of supply to the sociotechnical of demand (and back again)