MANAGING DEVELOPMENT PROCESS(ES) Sustainactive Prague 2014 Kalevi Paldanius

Development? The act of developing Evolution of man; evolution of the species Progress; advancement; growth; expansion Development of individual, group, team, community, society, work, products, services, technic/technology, economy, human rights, relationships etc.  “Development is change. All change is not development.”

Development? Sustain Development? Ecological, economical, social and cultural sustainability Want to develop something? > You need activity, to be active Becoming developer needs deeds One deed is to take part to sustain active IP  How are you going to develop yourself during sustain active IP?  What are you going to develop in your case study?

Project as a development tool Project: a plan, a scheme, a design, a piece of work undertaken by a student or group of students to supplement and apply classroom studies Project: to throw or shoot forward; to transport (oneself) into imagination; to predict or expect (something) based on known data; to communicate effectively; to express one’s personality

Project as a development tool From an idea (e.g. business plan) > to the project What kind of? Management depends on the project type: Product development  difficulty in defining the target;  management by dividing into operations Activity development Project (inside the organization): increase the efficiency of management and functions  Reform the organization  Development of ICT-systems  Rationalize activity  Introduction of new working methods and tools  Education programs  ETC

Project Work which is done once Problem & planned solution Problem: difference between the present situation and the target where something prevents catch up the difference Is not trivial

Defining objects Workplace activity settings: transformed material objects are relatively easy to identify “Object” can be either material or symbolic (always both) > materiality allows it to become a focus of joint activity; we can perceive, handle and act on objects Symbolic aspect of the object: allows increase of understanding of the phenomena under investigation Object refers to the “raw material”/”problem space” > activity is directed at it

Human activity system (Engeström 2002) OUTCOME VALUES RULES & CONVENTIONS COMMUNITY: same general object DIVISION OF LABOUR: horizontal division of tasks & Vertical division of power and status ARTIFACTS TOOLS & PRACTICES OBJECT SUBJECT

Hierarchical levels of Activity Level of activity Mental represent ation Realizatio n of Level of descriptio n Analytical question Carpenter example ActivityMotive (need) PersonalitySocial and personal meaning of activity (relation to motives and needs) Why?Doing wage work to secure welfare Action (deed) Goal - conscious Chain of actions to reach the goal Possible & critical goals What?Building a house OperationPrecondition to actions -normally unconscious Chain of actions Concrete tool to implement action How?Different working phases of house building 9

References Engeström, Y. (2002) Cultural Historical Activity Theory. Web page Marjamäki, M. & Pekkola, P. (2009) Activity Theory – “Toiminnan teoria” Pelin, R. (1999) Projektihallinan käsikirja. Projektijohtaminen Oy. Jyväskylä. Wells, G. (2002) The Role of Dialogue in Activity Theory. Mind, Culture and Activity 9(1), Projektinhallinta – kevät 2006 (

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