Design PhD Conference 2009 Sustainability, Innovation and Design A comparative study of national design policy in the UK and South Korea 16 th June 2009 Youngok Choi Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts Lancaster University

Contents 1.Research topic 2.Methodology 3.Process 4.Challenges and difficulties 5.Advice for students

1. Research topic ‘A Comparative study of national design policy in the UK and South Korea’

1. Research topic ‘A Comparative study of national design policy in the UK and South Korea’ Aim : to understand national design policy, with particular reference to the national business support programmes in design

1. Research topic ‘A Comparative study of national design policy in the UK and South Korea’ Aim : to understand national design policy, with particular reference to the national business support programmes in design Research Questions Q1. What is the relationship between national design polices and the industrial development in the UK and South Korea? Q2. What are the drivers for and barriers to implementing national business support programmes in design in the UK and South Korea? Q3. What are the appropriate approaches for developing and implementing national design policies and national business support programmes in design?

Inductive research (Research-then-theory approach) a. answering the three research questions and b. developing new ideas for national design policies. Triangulation of methods Quantitative methods: Questionnaire survey Qualitative methods: Literature review Historical-Comparative research Interview (Exploratory and in-depth) 2. Methodology

The research process and methods

3. Process and findings 1) Literature review and analysing existing data Investigating existing theories of national design policy Identifying the relationship between design policy and SMEs, especially the impact of design policy on SMEs’ performance Identifying the relationship between design, national design policy and global competitiveness Seeking insights from the best practice of countries ranking highly for competitive performance through design : Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden and USA

3. Process and findings The relationship between current competitiveness and design index ranking in 75 countries in 2001 Based on (WEF, 2001) The relationship between growth competitiveness and Innovation index ranking in 117 countries in 2005 Based on (Porter and Schwab, 2005)

3. Process and findings 2) Relationship between the national design policy and the industrial development Historical-Comparative research - the development and implementation of the UK and South Korea’s national design policies - their industrial development - the relationship of these various factors

Timeline of the design policy and Industrial development in the UK, in the global context (Comparison of the supporting industries) 3. Process and findings

Timeline of the design policy and Industrial development in South Korea, in the global context (Comparison of the supporting industries) 3. Process and findings

3) Drivers for and barriers to implementing business support programmes in design a. UK: Designing Demand Literature Reviews Exploratory Interviews In-depth Interviews Design Council RDAs* Delivery Partners Design Associates Businesses With reports, guidelines, leaflets and related materials Advantage West Midlands London Development Agency South East England Development Agency South West England Development Agency Yorkshire Forward * Regional Development Agencies

b. South Korea: Design Innovation Literature Reviews Exploratory Interviews Questionnaire survey In-depth Interviews KIDP* Businesses MKE** KIDP Businesses Design Agencies Design Association Academics With reports, guidelines, leaflets and related materials Distributed to four hundred and nine SMEs, with eighty- two respondents Internship at the KIDP Participated a national design policy project ‘A study for Nation Design Policy Development’ * Korea Institute of Design Promotion ** Ministry of Knowledge Economy 3. Process and findings

4) Recommendations

Questionnaire survey National Design Centres Design NGOs Regional Development Agency Business support agency Research institute of economy Twenty questionnaires distributed in ten countries, eleven were collected from six countries University 3. Process and findings a. Validation of the recommendations

4. Challenges and difficulties 1) Difficulties in meeting respondents to participate in the research KIDP’s support, especially for recruiting businesses in South Korea Using supervisors and the researcher's network in the UK 2) Enormous data Refinement of data

5. Advice for students 1) Create a clear proposal before starting a PhD 2) Have discussions about your research as much as you can 3) Do not forget this is your research

Thank you