Pearl Harbor Losses Casualties: Navy & Marine:Navy & Marine: –2117 dead –960 missing –876 wounded Army:Army: –226 dead –396 wounded 8 Battleships8 Battleships.

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Presentation transcript:

Pearl Harbor Losses Casualties: Navy & Marine:Navy & Marine: –2117 dead –960 missing –876 wounded Army:Army: –226 dead –396 wounded 8 Battleships8 Battleships 230 Aircraft230 Aircraft

Aftermath of Pearl Harbor U.S. Pacific Battleship fleet effectively destroyedU.S. Pacific Battleship fleet effectively destroyed Carriers survive and become new capital shipsCarriers survive and become new capital ships –Submarines, repair facilities, and oil tanks also left unharmed –Result generally not anticipated by American naval planners before Pearl Harbor –Naval tactics change to support carrier strikes –Circular formations developed to protect carriers U.S. declares war on JapanU.S. declares war on Japan Hitler declares war on the U.SHitler declares war on the U.S American public opinion changes in favor of warAmerican public opinion changes in favor of war

Continued Japanese Attacks Malay Peninsula attacked - Dec 1941Malay Peninsula attacked - Dec 1941 Guam – Taken 10 Dec 1941Guam – Taken 10 Dec 1941 Wake Island - Taken 23 Dec 1941Wake Island - Taken 23 Dec 1941 Hong Kong – Attacked 25 Dec 1941Hong Kong – Attacked 25 Dec 1941 Thailand, Philippines, Borneo invaded in Dec 1941Thailand, Philippines, Borneo invaded in Dec 1941 Singapore - 15 February 1942Singapore - 15 February 1942 Indonesia - Southern Resources AreaIndonesia - Southern Resources Area – Now the Japanese had all of the oil they needed Further attacks?Further attacks? – Southwest Pacific: New Guinea and Australia – Central Pacific and northern Pacific: Midway and Aleutian Islands

Pacific Theater Army Center for Military History

The Philippines Initial strike on 8 December 1941 destroys U.S. aircraftInitial strike on 8 December 1941 destroys U.S. aircraft General Douglas MacArthur evacuates ManilaGeneral Douglas MacArthur evacuates Manila – Retreats to Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor Island – 12 March - MacArthur evacuates with family to Australia under orders from FDR in a Navy patrol boat – U.S. and Filipino forces surrender on 6 May leads to the Bataan Death March I SHALL RETURN!

Bataan Death March Govt. Archives Photo

Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (COMINC)Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (COMINC) Chief of Naval Operations (March 1942)Chief of Naval Operations (March 1942) Proponent of changing previously agreed upon Germany First strategy and moving resources to the Pacific theatre of warProponent of changing previously agreed upon Germany First strategy and moving resources to the Pacific theatre of war

Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Admiral Chester W. Nimitz relieves Kimmel as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific FleetAdmiral Chester W. Nimitz relieves Kimmel as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet Includes North, Central, and South Pacific AreasIncludes North, Central, and South Pacific Areas

U.S. Defensive Organization/ Plans MacArthur - Commander in Chief Southwest Pacific AreaMacArthur - Commander in Chief Southwest Pacific Area – Australia, New Guineau, East Indies, and Philippines – Fleet elements in this zone remained under Nimitz's control Controversial command structureControversial command structure – No common superior -- two separate wars in the Pacific Overwhelming U.S. industrial and logistical superiorityOverwhelming U.S. industrial and logistical superiority – Allows divided command until forces converge on Philippines in 1944 Post Pearl Harbor Primary Goal : Hold the LinePost Pearl Harbor Primary Goal : Hold the Line –Guard lines of communication between Hawaii, Midway and Australia –Divert Japanese drive into East Indies

Doolittle Raid on Tokyo- Apr 1942 Admiral Bull Halsey commands TF 16 - Hornet and EnterpriseAdmiral Bull Halsey commands TF 16 - Hornet and Enterprise Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle - B-25 MitchellsLieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle - B-25 Mitchells Early launch caused by sighting by Japanese picketsEarly launch caused by sighting by Japanese pickets Increase in American morale Erases Japanese resistance to Yamamotos Midway plan

Battle of the Coral Sea 4-8 May 1942 Japanese attempt to cut U.S. communications to AustraliaJapanese attempt to cut U.S. communications to Australia –Japanese sent a 2 carrier strike group into the Coral Sea from the Eastern Solomons & an invasion force with an escort carrier Shoho Nimitz sent only available carriers, Lexington & Yorktown to block Japanese advance under Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher (Task Force 17)Nimitz sent only available carriers, Lexington & Yorktown to block Japanese advance under Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher (Task Force 17) Pure carrier engagement first in history – Ships never saw each otherPure carrier engagement first in history – Ships never saw each other

Battle of the Coral Sea Japanese carrier Shoho sunkJapanese carrier Shoho sunk – Zuikaku and Shokaku damaged – Japanese tactical victory –Took more kills –Lexington sunk by torpedo and Yorktown badly damaged U.S. strategic victoryU.S. strategic victory – Japanese advance temporarily halted –Result the of Battle of the Coral Sea: Yamamoto now believed that the American fleet had to be destroyed and pushed ahead his next offensive…Midway

Japanese Carrier Shokaku