P. GAYRAUD /B. RABILLER Cologne the 21st of June 2007 EASA CNS/ATM Steering Group ICAO PBN status and its repercussion on EASA material P. GAYRAUD /B. RABILLER Cologne the 21st of June 2007

ICAO DOC 9613 PBN manual

Background RNP concept initially published by ICAO: Doc 9613 (RNP Manual) RNP types only identified by an accuracy value Lack of Airworthiness regulation or Guidance materials (except for RNP 10) Industry has developed ED-75/DO-236 In parallel, development of RNAVs with specific requirements in different regions of the world ICAO decision in 2003 to set up RNPSORSG (RNP and Special Requirements Study Group)

Status RNPSORSG outcome: new edition of ICAO Doc 9613 « Performance Based Navigation Manual » superseding the existing RNP Manual Final draft posted on the ICAO website (VOL I and VOL II) ICAO State letter dated 27th of April 07 introducing the PBN concept and providing in attachment the VOL II document only (Navigation specification)

PBN Manual Content Vol 1: Concepts and Implementation Guidance Explains how a given Navigation Application (associated with COM, SUR and ATM) can support given operations in an Airspace Vol 2: Implementing RNAV and RNP (Navigation Specifications)

Concepts Performance Based Navigation Concept Navigation application Navigation specification NAVAID infrastructure Performance Based Navigation Concept Navigation Application. The application of a navigation specification and the supporting Navaid infrastructure, to routes, procedures, and/or defined airspace volume, in accordance with the intended Airspace concept. Navigation Specification.  A set of aircraft and air crew requirements needed to support Performance based navigation operations within a defined airspace. There are two kinds of navigation specification: RNAV and RNP: RNP X: A navigation specification with an On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting function (OPMA) RNAV X: A navigation specification without an On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting function “X” refers to the lateral navigation accuracy in Nm (95%) RNP = RNAV + OPMA

Navigation Specification Navigation Specifications content: Required performance (accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity) Eligible sensors for the achievement of the required performance Required navigation functionalities in order to meet the required performance Requirements on the flight crew in order to achieve the required performance from the aircraft and the RNAV system. Navigation Specifications are not totally « performance-based »: The requirement allocation to Aircraft, Aircrew and ATM is not independent of technology The number of technologies is limited (GNSS, IRS, DME…) Specific requirements on: sensors, navigation functionalities and display Navigation Specification advantage Only one set of requirements for a given Navigation Application Separation or obstacle clearance Operational aspects Aircrew and controllers training Instead of requirements specific to the sensor technology

OPMA: On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting function A function on board the aircraft detecting and informing the crew when the RNAV system is unable to satisfy the performance prescribed in the Navigation Specification. This function should monitor all type of errors which may affect the aircraft ability to follow the desired flight path. The required level of on board monitoring and alerting is stipulated in each RNP navigation specification. This function may be: a mix of « automatic » monitoring (e.g NSE monitoring through RAIM) and operational procedure (FTE monitoring by the crew) or only « automatic » monitoring (e.g TSE monitoring)

RNP versus RNAV performance 1 x nav accuracy 95% Accuracy Desired route Accuracy 1 x nav accuracy 95% RNP Performance Crew procedure if TSE> threshold TSE< threshold 99.999% 2 x nav accuracy TSE Monitoring and alerting 1 x nav accuracy 95% Accuracy Desired route Accuracy TSE Monitoring and alerting 1 x nav accuracy 95% 99.999% 2 x nav accuracy

Overview of navigation specifications (1/2) Area of application Navigation accuracy Designation of navigation standard Current situation Designation of Navigation Specification: PBN concept (new) Oceanic/Remote 10 RNP 10 RNAV 10 4 RNP 4 En Route Continental 5 B-RNAV RNAV 5 En route continental and Terminal 2 US-RNAV type A RNAV 2

Overview of navigation specifications (2/2) Area of application Navigation accuracy Designation of navigation standard Current situation Designation of Navigation Specification: PBN concept (new) Terminal 1 P-RNAV US-RNAV type B RNAV 1 N/A Basic-RNP 1 Approach 0.3 RNAV (GNSS) RNP APCH 0.3 – 0.1 RNP SAAAR RNP AR RNP AR APCH

Navigation Specification comparison (1)   RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 RNP 4 BASIC-RNP 1 RNP APCH Performance Requirements - Accuracy - Equipment malfunction - Continuity - Signal in Space 10NM 95% Major Error > 20 NM, Prob < 10-7/h 5NM 95% Minor Error > 10 NM, 1NM 95% Error > 2 NM, 4NM 95% Error > 8 NM, 1-0.3NM 95% Error > 2-0.6 NM, OPMA Error > 8NM, Prob < 10-5 Error > 2NM, Error > 2-0.6NM, Minimum equipment 2 LRNS using: - GNSS - IRS 1 system using: - DME/DME - VOR/DME 2 systems using: /IRS 2 LRNS using at least: - GNSS System using at least: § x.3.3.2 Specific requirements concerning the positioning function - 2IRS + GNSS § x.3.3

Navigation Specification comparison (2)   RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 RNP 4 BASIC-RNP 1 RNP APCH § x.3.3.3 Functional Requirements - Display No Yes + ++ - Navigation Functionalities § x.3.4 Operating procedures § x.3.5 Pilot Knowledge and Training § x.3.6 Navigation Databases § x.3.7 Oversight of Operators  Yes Yes  Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes LOA Type 2 LOA Type 2 LOA Type 2 LOA Type 2

PBN manual publication repercussion on EASA materials (1/3) ICAO PBN manual is the most recent document addressing airworthiness and operational criteria It includes up to date requirements and/or clarifications In particular those related to recent in service experience and those related to harmonisation with other Authorities (mainly with FAA). After a first assessment most of AMC/TGL are consistent with the PBN manual except TGL 10 for P-RNAV and the lack of an AMC for RNP 4 and for Basic-RNP 1.

PBN manual publication repercussion on EASA materials(2/3) Area of application Navigation accuracy Designation of navigation standard Current situation Designation of navigation specification PBN concept (new) EASA material Oceanic/Remote 10 RNP 10 RNAV 10 AMC 20-12 “Recognition of FAA Order 8400.12a for RNP 10 Operations” 4 RNP 4 Herve’s proposal En Route Continental 5 B-RNAV RNAV 5 AMC 20-4 “Airworthiness Approval and Operational Criteria For the Use of Navigation Systems in European Airspace Designated For Basic RNAV Operations” Terminal 1 P-RNAV US-RNAV type B RNAV 1 TGL 10 “AIRWORTHINESS AND OPERATIONAL APPROVAL FOR PRECISION RNAV OPERATIONS IN DESIGNATED EUROPEAN AIRSPACE” and new AMC 20-16 N/A Basic-RNP 1 No document Advanced RNP 1 (provision only) Approach 0.3 RNAV (GNSS) RNP APCH AMC 20-XX “AIRWORTHINESS AND OPERATIONAL APPROVAL FOR RNP APPROACH (RNP APCH) OPERATIONS” 0.3-0.1 RNP SAAAR RNP AR RNP AR APCH AMC 20-XZ “AIRWORTHINESS AND OPERATIONAL APPROVAL FOR RNP AR APPROACH (RNP AR APCH) OPERATIONS”

PBN manual publication repercussion on EASA materials (3/3) PBN repercussions are not significant on EASA materials but general discussions are necessary to prepare the future: 1- What is the role of the RNP RNAV MASPS (DO-236/ ED-75) taking into account the PBN manual publication? Should this standard be amended to be in line with this document? 2- Should future “RNAV” AMCs be only a reference to PBN navigation specification or should AMCs still need to include all the details (stand-alone document)? 3- Should EU-OPS 1 (e.g. 1.243 and 1.865) be amended to reflect the PBN manual in particular in terms of terminology used?

Proposed recommendations The following aspects, should be addressed: Review and, where necessary, propose update to EU-OPS to ensure requirements for RNAV and RNP operations are consistent with the ICAO PBN manual Review existing RNAV TGL/AMC and, where necessary, update these documents (e.g. P-RNAV) Issue, when there is an operational need (e.g. RNP 4), an AMC addressing the related ICAO Navigation Specification. EASA should decide if the AMC content is only a reference to the ICAO Navigation Specification or if it includes all the details (cut and paste of the ICAO Navigation Specification plus refinement if necessary).