GENERAL CONTEXT Chemical mixture preparation - Direct injection – short response time - Predosage chamber - Field data knowledge - Identification * User * Product * Crop - Dose adjustment Perception - Perception – innovative sensors + associated detection algorithms - Crop and weed detection * Vegetation density * Weeds infectation (row / inter-row) * Crop architecture - single plant detection - Crop health and disease detection * Insects * Diseases * Myco-toxins - Soil * Harvest residus like straw * Mycotoxines * Phytotechnologies: biosensors * Detection approach: online / offline - remote sensing - local sensing Environmental adapted spray application / site specific application - Robust localization (Positioning, Guidance) - Localized treatment application * Spray boom cutting control * Smart injection nozzle control and drift correction * Electro static systems * Sleeve recuperator * Bufferzone regulation * Flow control actuator & remained tank volume * Tree height / leaf surface adjustment / leaf volume adjustment * Site specific appl.: Size of field (R&D + INTEGRATORS) SMART MODULES SUPPLYING CONSTRUCTION OF THE OPEN SMART EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Interoperability of equipments - Modular computer - Computer I/O (Plug & Play) - Communication Data management - supervision - Online / offline alternatives / repository - Traceability - Meteo data… - Task operation preparation - Localized treatment control - Management of the end of spraying operation - Preventive diagnosis of failures, dysfunctionnings or operator mistakes - Determination of nozzle position relative to plant surface (plant yes / no) - Geo-positions SMART ADJUSTMENTS TOOLS ON SPRAYER MACHINES Modification and evolution of professional practices Request analysis for combined actions in crop culture protection - Functional specifications - Crop production (corn, wheat...) - Market gardening area - Fruit farming area (orchard area) - Vineyard farming area - Other application area - High value crops (hops) Customers' needs definition - Limited cost (suitable) – cost-efficiency: input/output ratio - Work efficiency / ergonomics - Usability - Integration in existing work / production processes - Compatibility – Robustness / socioeconomic aspects (independence) - Quality assurance for various crops - Generic qualities General technical solutions - State of the art - Current developments - Identification of existing solutions from other areas - Identification of new concepts - Technical and functional specifications Human Safety aspects - Operator - Bystanders Environmental safety aspects - Mitigation of diffuse contamination - Point sources (cleaning machines) Global Business plan - Economic studies Regulation - Legal aspects – Standards - Environmental regulation - National - EU * Directive 2009/128/EC * Others ones - Machine directives Value Chain legend Red: Lock – Not available soon on the market Orange: Not available yet, but possible to design and market quickly (1-2 years) Green: Technology or knowledge currently available Black: Not coloured yet (generic title or information to color soon). 1/3

INTERFACING Implementation / adaptation of smart systems on sprayer machines - Conventional machines * First hand * Second hand - New machines * First hand * Second hand Operator ergonomy - Ergonomy of the main terminal - Ergonomy of additional terminals * Virtual terminal * New tools: smartphones, online assistance system * Task controler - (Terminology) User interface - Operator awareness * Situation (on performance, work safety) * Process (on cultivation efficiency) * Impact (on food, environment) Operator safety - Cognitive user behavior - Train / Motivate operator to respect safety regulations - Keep operator out of critical operations - Reduce overall risks for operator - Risk indicators - Automatic respecting of revision cycles / inspection PROTOTYPING Definition of criteria and metrics to evaluate solutions - Environmental impacts (air pollution, soil respect, working quality, quality product) - - Performence criteria - Safety (operator, environment) - Virtual prorotyping & testing in virt. Environment - Systematic tests for robustness & potential added usability) - Cost aspects Demonstrator realization - Proof-of-concept prototype (long term) - Product prototype Test - Validation of demonstrators (Laboratory and field) - Proof-of-concept prototype - Product prototype - Optimization and fine-tuning End-User involvement / user-centric development - Focus groups: farmers, operators,… - Pilot farms Intellectual properties rights REGULATION STANDARDIZATION Communication Data standards - Definition and harmonization of communication protocols - Definition and harmonization of data format - ISOBUS - Farm to machine - Open source vs proprietary syst. - Link between s. Syst. & e-services - Standardized components & hardware Sharing data standards Homologation - Respect of agricultural standards like global GAP, organic farming - Automatic settings respecting max. amounts / label requirements Other indirect potential research issues: European Data standardization, Environmental qualification, Internet of things, Subsidy policy Connexion w. add. : harware & software Value Chain legend Red: Lock – Not available soon on the market Orange: Not available yet, but possible to design and market quickly (1-2 years) Green: Technology or knowledge currently available Black: Not coloured yet (generic title or information to color soon). 2/3

MANUFACTURING Product - Modular / scalable product systems (with other peripheral tools) / retrofit - Products recycling Means of production (Small batch production) - Product management (OEM) - Responsability - Organization of production - Adaptation of particular production line system - Machine recycling Business plan design optimization Intellectual properties rights DISTRIBUTIONUSES / DISPOSALS AFTER USE Advertising - Website - Media events - Direct contact * Phone * * Meeting - Technical brochures - Leaflet/paper publicity Facilities and services - Tools support * Associated services * Training Marketing - User identification (target) - Demonstration campaign organization - Network communication Customizing - System composition Modular / scalable systems New services (ex. shared equipments/ equipments rental) Setting spraying surface instead of machines Setting services Customer approval Usability Added value ‘Price tag’ and cost efficiency Realibility Experience feedback Return On Investment (ROI) Irstea - June 2012 Other indirect potential research issues: Materials - Mecatronics Value Chain legend Red: Lock – Not available soon on the market Orange: Not available yet, but possible to design and market quickly (1-2 years) Green: Technology or knowledge currently available Black: Not coloured yet (generic title or information to color soon). 3/3