9-1 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Principles of Computer.

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Presentation transcript:

9-1 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Chapter 9: Communication

9-2 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Chapter Contents 9.1 Modems 9.2 Transmission Media 9.3 Network Architecture: Local Area Networks 9.4 Communication Errors and Error Correcting Codes 9.5 Network Architecture: The Internet 9.6 Case Study: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

9-3 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Modem Communication Communication over a telephone line with modems:

9-4 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Modulation Schemes Three common forms of modulation:

9-5 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Pulse Code Modulation Conversion of an analog signal into a PCM binary sequence:

9-6 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Ideal vs. Transmitted Waves

9-7 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Transmission Media Transmisson media. (a) Two- wire open lines; (b) twisted-pair lines; (c) coaxial cable; (d) optical fiber; (e)satellites.

9-8 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring The Seven Layers of the OSI Model

9-9 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring A Few Network Topologies (a) Bus; (b) ring; and (c) star network topologies.

9-10 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Parity Even parity bits are assigned to a few ASCII characters:

9-11 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Check Bits Check bits for a single error correcting ASCII code:

9-12 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring SEC coded a Format for a single error correcting ASCII code:

9-13 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring SEC Coded d Parity computation for an ASCII character in an SEC code:

9-14 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring 3-Bit SEC Hypercube Hamming distance relationships among three-bit codewords. Valid codewords are 000 and 111. The remaining codewords represent errors.

9-15 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring LRC and VRC Checking Combined LRC and VRC checking. Checksum bits form even parity for each column.

9-16 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Cyclic Redundancy Checking

9-17 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Internet Protocol Stack Layering in the TCP/IP protocol suite:

9-18 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring IPv4 Address Classes

9-19 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Encapsulation Encapsulation in the TCP/IP protocol suite:

9-20 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Hub vs. Router vs. Switch Configurations shown for (a) a hub; (b) a router; and (c) a switch.

9-21 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Self-Routing Switch A 4 4 self-routing switch based on the bubblesort algorithm:

9-22 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring TDM vs. ATM (a) Time division multiplexing vs. (b) asynchronous transfer mode.

9-23 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Format of an ATM Packet Format of an ATM packet. (a) User-to-network interface (UNI) format; and (b) network-to-network interface (NNI) format.

9-24 Chapter 9 - Communication Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring Simple ATM Network