Re-Teach Part II

Proteins The functions of proteins are varied – Immune System – Muscle – Transport

Structure The monomer of a protein is amino acids These are called amino acids because they have an amino group at one end and a carboxylic acid group at the other.

So, you can identify a protein because it contains an amino group on one end and a carboxylic acid group on the other. The bonds holding the amino acids together are called peptide bonds.

Nucleic Acids The function of nucleic acids is to hold and transmit genetic information. It is what makes you human (and not a dog), as well as what makes you an individual. There are two amino acids – DNA and RNA

The monomer of Nucleic Acids is Nucleotides Nucleotides consist of three parts: A phosphate group, a sugar, and a base. There are four bases in DNA: A, T, C, G. There are four bases in RNA: A, U, C, G

DNA vs. RNA

DNARNA Double StrandSingle Strand Composed of bases A,T,G,CComposed of bases A,U,G,C Self-ReplicatingMade from DNA strand Found only in nucleusMade in nucleus, then moves to cytoplasm (ribosomes) DNA is the template for the production of RNA, which is then used to make proteins DNA RNA Proteins

ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) This is the source of energy for your cells It is made through respiration from glucose The energy in ATP is released when the last phosphate group is broken off. This then results in ADP (diphosphate)

Muscle is made of… 1.Lipids 2.Carbohydrates 3.Protein 4.Nucleic Acids

The molecule that determines your eye color is 1.Lipids 2.Carbohydrates 3.Protein 4.Nucleic Acids

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a base compose a… 1.Amino Acid 2.Monosaccharide 3.Nucleotide 4.Glycerol

A molecule with an amino group and a carboxylic acid group is… 1.Amino Acid 2.Monosaccharide 3.Nucleotide 4.Glycerol