Standards  Writing Strategies: 1.7 Use systematic strategies to organize and record information (e.g., anecdotal scripting, annotated bibliographies).  Reading Comprehension: 2.1 Analyze both the features and the rhetorical devices of different types of public documents (e.g., policy statements, speeches, debates, platforms) and the way in which authors use those features and devices. 2.2 Analyze the way in which clarity of meaning is affected by the patterns of organization, hierarchical structures, repetition of the main ideas, syntax, and word choice in the text.  Literary Response and Analysis: 3.3 Analyze the ways in which irony, tone, mood, the author’s style, and the “sound” of language achieve specific rhetorical or aesthetic purposes or both. Objectives  Students will be able to…  draw inferences and conclusions about a text based on the writer’s stylistic choices  respond to tone and connotation  identify and visually represent the organizational structure of an essay  summarize a given text  identify passive verbs, subjects, and agents in senences

Analyzing Stylistic Choices  Words:  1. Which words or synonyms are repeated?  2. Why do you think they are repeated?  3. Paragraph 5 of this essay has several strong words that draw on readers’ emotions. Circle the words that are the most highly charged and be prepared to explain your choices. (Why did you choose certain words over others?)  Sentences  1. Is the author’s sentence structure mostly varied or not?  2. Are the sentences readable? (Interesting, attention grabbing, not repetitive, enjoyable, etc.) Explain your answer.

Answers…  Words  1. stopping, frisking, profiling, law-enforcement, unconstitutional, black, and Hispanic  2. To emphasize these particular words.  3. Let’s hear what you got…  Sentences  1. Herbert uses a combination of simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences in this essay, concentrating mostly on simple and complex.  2. The varied sentence structure makes the essay very readable. This keeps the essay from becoming stagnant or repetitive sounding.

Structure of the Text  With your partner:  1. What is the main method of organization in this essay?  2. Create a picture outline showing how this essay is structured.  3. Prepare to present to the class

Summary and Response In no more than 5 sentences please summarize this essay’s main points. You must include the vocabulary we discussed in the pre-reading of this text. Remember to identify the author, article, and date of production.

Notes: Passive Verbs  Forming the Passive-  A passive verb always includes a form of be plus the participle of the verb. (A participle is the –ed or –en form of the verb.)  Examples: is practiced, was arrested, have been taken  In general, only verbs that have a direct object (transitive verbs) can occur in the passive. [direct object]  Active: The police stopped [motorists] based on their race..  Passive: Motorists were stopped by the police based on their race.  Therefore, verbs such as be, agree, die, seem, happen, and appear do not have passive forms because they never have direct objects. However, some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive with a slight change in meaning.

Examples  Intransitive (no direct object after the verb)  Active: Racial profiling happened in all major cities.  Incorrect: Racial profiling was happened in all major cities.  Intransitive (no direct object after the verb)  Active: The attitude towards racial profiling has changed a lot.  Transitive (a direct object follows the verb)  Active: The legislature has changed the law on loitering.  Passive: The anti-loitering law has been changed.

Agents: The “Doers”  The “doer” of the action in an active sentence is the subject. In a passive sentence, the “doer” is called the agent and is expressed in a prepositional phrase with by. Often the agent is omitted.  Active (“doer” = subject): The officer stopped the motorist for speeding.  Passive (“doer” = agent) The motorist was stopped [by the officer] for speeding.  Examples: see chart 5.1  Exercise 2: On a separate piece of paper complete this exercise.

Revisiting Objectives…  Are you able to…  draw inferences and conclusions about a text, based on the writer’s stylistic choices  identify and visually represent the organizational structure of an essay  How? Why? When?

Forming the Passive Passive/A ctive PastPresentFuture ActiveThe officer stopped the motorist yesterday. The officer stops her often. The officer will stop her next week. PassiveThe motorist was stopped.She is stopped often.She will be stopped. ActiveThe officer was stopping the motorist. The officer is stopping her now. Not in common use PassiveThe motorist was being stopped.She is being stopped now. Not in common use ActiveThe officer had stopped the motorist. The officer has stopped her. The officer will have stopped her by tomorrow. PassiveThe motorist had been stopped.She has been stopped.The motorist will be stopped by tomorrow ActiveThe officer should have stopped the motorist. The officer should have stopped her. N/A PassiveThe motorist should have been stopped. She should have been stopped. N/A

Outside reading book criteria MUST be considered high school reading level Minimum of about 200 pages Cannot be a book read in previous LA classes Should be about something you are interested in I am willing to make exceptions for certain books, but you must discuss with me first.

Outside Reading assignments for Semester 1 First Impressions: Due_____________________________________ Please answer the following questions about your chosen book:  Title  Author  Number of pages  Why did you choose this book?  What are your first impression and expectations for this book? Check Up: Due_____________________________________ Please answer the following questions about your book and your progress.  What page have you read up to?  Has reading this book been easy or hard? Why?  Has reading this book been enjoyable or boring? Why?  How do you feel and what do you think about your book now? Are you glad you chose it? Has it met or is it meeting your expectations? Movie Poster: Due__________________________________ Create a movie poster for your book including the following information:  Title  Author  Tagline  Image representing your book- NOT a copy of what is on the cover.  Cast of the main characters (at least 4) with explanations of why the actors were chosen.