CHAPTER 15 CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT

CARBOXYLIC ACID CCCCarboxylic acid or carboxyl group - is an organic compound that contains the following functional group

CONTINUE  Benzoic acid

ACIDITY OF CARBOXYLIC ACID  Carboxylate ion R-COO-  According to Le Châtelier’s principle, the addition of H 3 O + (low pH) should favor formation of the carboxylic acid, and removal of H 3 O + by adding base (high pH) should favor formation of the carboxylate ion  Carboxylic acids react readily with strong bases to for salts

SALTS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID  Carboxylic acid salts metal name goes first, -ic in acid is changed to -ate  CH 3 COO - Na +  Sodium acetate  These salts are used in soaps and food preservatives  Carboxylic ester is a compound with this functional group

CONTINUE  Esterification –The process of forming an ester  Ester linkage –The carbonyl carbon-oxygen single bond of the ester group

CONTINUE  Condensation polymerization –The process by which monomers combine together, with the simultaneous elimination of a small molecule  Carboxylic acid chloride contains -COCl  Carboxylic acid anhydride contains

NAMING ESTERS  Common names used most often  First word of the name of an ester is the alkyl or aromatic group (R’) contributed by the alcohol  Second word is the carboxylic acid name ending -ic changed to -ate

REACTIONS OF ESTERS  Ester hydrolysis –The reaction of an ester with water, breaks the ester linkage and produces an alcohol and a carboxylic acid –Strong acids are often used as catalysts

CONTINUE  Saponification –The basic cleavage of an ester likage –Strong bases are used for this to occur