Bio 104: Issues in Biotechnology The Way We Work With Life Dr. Albert P. Kausch life edu.us Lecture 26 Part Ic. Animal and Human Cloning and Genetic Engineering Medical Biotechnology © life_edu Feb 20a: Agricultural Biochechnology

Bio 104: Issues in Biotechnology The Way We Work With Life Dr. Albert P. Kausch Kimberly Nelson OnCampus Live BCH 190, MIC 190, AFS 190, NRS 190, PLS 190 OnLine BCH 190 A Sweeping General Survey on Life and Biotechnology A Public Access College Course The University of Rhode Island Issues in Biotechnology: Biotechnology, Our Society and Our Future life edu.us Feb 20a: Agricultural Biochechnology

Bio 104: Issues in Biotechnology The Way We Work With Life Dr. Albert P. Kausch life edu.us BCH 190 Section II. The Applications of Biotechnology A Sweeping General Survey on Life and Biotechnology The University of Rhode Island © life_edu Feb 20a: Agricultural Biochechnology

Where is DNA in a cell? All of the information for each protein in a cell is in it’s DNA All of the information that codes for a complete organism is in DNA

Cloning Animals Cloning and Genetic Engineering in Animals

Genetically Engineered Animals Cloning and Genetic Engineering in Animals

How to Clone

Nuclear transfer procedures

An Organism can be cloned by transferring it’s DNA to an egg cell This shows: All of the information that codes for an organism is in it’s DNA All of the DNA is the same in every cell DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell

Could we Genetically Engineer Cloned Animals? Controlled expression Promoter Coding Sequence Terminator Your favorite gene Vaccines Antibodies High Value Proteins Spider Silk in Goats Milk Controlled expression “making protein” Stop transcription Message stability

Genetically Modified somatic nuclei could be implanted into unfertilized eggs to create a genetically modified clone

Transgenics and Cloned Animals Genetically Modified somatic nuclei could be implanted into unfertilized eggs to create a genetically modified clone

What is cloning? A process whereby all members are directly descended (asexually) from a single organism by……(various ways) Demonstrates that all the information required for an organism and its development are in the a single cell

Where is DNA in a cell? All of the information for each protein in a cell is in it’s DNA All of the information that codes for a complete organism is in DNA

Principle All cells are derived from a zygote All have the same genetic makeup All have the potential to develop into an individual

UCONN Clones

FIGURE 5-45 Genetically identical cloned animals FIGURE 5-45 Genetically identical cloned animals. The cloning of animals can maintain desirable traits from generation to generation.

Many animals can now be cloned And Genetically Engineered sheep cattle porcine mice rats mules frogs primates? And Genetically Engineered

Primates Many animals can now be cloned And Genetically Engineered 2012 And Genetically Engineered

Issues in Biotechnology The ‘cloning’ of plants was demonstrated by Steward in 1958 at Cornell Univ. showing that plants could be grown back from a single cell. This ability is called “totipotency” and like the more recent examples of animal cloning, demonstrates: (A) that all biological scientists are unethical and fraudulent that all of the DNA that codes for an entire organism is in every cell of that organism Steward belonged to the group that called themselves the ‘Raeliens’ (D) the necessity to ban all types cloning (E) that the theory of evolution must be wrong

Could we Genetically Engineer Humans? Controlled expression Promoter Coding Sequence Terminator Your favorite gene Insulin Cancer Anti-Oncogenes Parkinson’s Huntington’s SCID Beyond Therapy??? Controlled expression “making protein” Stop transcription Message stability

Can humans be cloned and/or genetically engineered? Cells from an amniocentesis can be used for DNA sequence analysis. All of the genes for humans will be known. Disease genes would be detected. Cloned “correct” genes could be used for replacement. Corrected nucleus could be delivered to an unfertilized egg. Same baby without the defect.

Could we Genetically Engineer Humans?

The Tay Sachs Dilemma

Do You Think We Should We Genetically Engineer Humans? (A) yes (B) no (C) depends on the circumstance

Issues in Biotechnology I would clone myself if that were possible. (A) yes (B) no (C) undecided

The Possibilities of Human Cloning

To Clone or Not to Clone

For more information please contact: For those who are interested in taking this course for college credit through the University of Rhode Island;  For more information please contact:   Issuesinbiotechnology190@gmail.com

Credits Lectures by: Edited by: Video Produced by: Thank You to The University of Rhode Island and all of the students of Issues in Biotechnology over the years Dr. Albert Kausch and Kimberly Nelson Thaddeus Weaver