Dr Julian Little Chair of the Agricultural Biotechnology Council All-Party Parliamentary Group on Science and Technology in Agriculture GM Crops – so what is in the pipeline?

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 GM crops – what’s in the pipeline? Crops Countries Public-Private Partnerships Conclusions

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Remember…  The European Regulatory system is the most robust anywhere in the world  No GM product has achieved regulatory approval for cultivation since 1998  Only one “first generation” is currently licenced for use in the EU  We do have a functional system for import and food and feed use  10 products went into the system in 2008  Only 4 products came out of the system in 2008

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Bt/RR2Y (Monsanto) Low Sat (Monsanto) Omega-3 (Monsanto; Steandonic Acid) High Stearate (Monsanto; DuPont) High Beta- Conglycinin (Monsanto; DuPont) Industry Soybean Portfolio Industry Soybean Portfolio A Steady Pipeline of New Biotech Events Nearly Every Year Processing: High Oil Soy (Monsanto) High Oleic (DuPont) Liberty Link (Bayer) Agronomic Quality/Food RR2Y (Monsanto) 201X 2009 Modified 7S Protein FF (DuPont) High Oleic, Stearate (DuPont) Low Lin (Syngenta) Glyphosate & isoxazole tol. (Bayer)* Low- Phytate (DuPont) Dicamba Tolerant (Monsanto) Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) DuPont Feed: High Protein Soybean (Monsanto; DuPont) Yield (Monsanto; Pioneer) Rust (Monsanto; Pioneer Antibody - containing (against E. coli 0157:H) Herbicide tol.: 2,4-D (Dow) and aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides Disease (Monsanto; Pioneer) Soybean Cyst Nematode Monsanto; Pioneer GAT/Glyphosate-ALS (Pioneer) * Estimated commercialization pipeline of soybean biotech events prepared by the American Soybean Association, November 2007.

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Bt/RR2Y (Monsanto) Low Sat (Monsanto) Omega-3 (Monsanto; Steandonic Acid) High Stearate (Monsanto; DuPont) High Beta- Conglycinin (Monsanto; DuPont) Industry Soybean Portfolio – Helping Farmers to grow their crop Industry Soybean Portfolio – Helping Farmers to grow their crop A Steady Pipeline of New Biotech Events Nearly Every Year Processing: High Oil Soy (Monsanto) High Oleic (DuPont) Liberty Link (Bayer) Agronomic Quality/Food RR2Y (Monsanto) 201X 2009 Modified 7S Protein FF (DuPont) High Oleic, Stearate (DuPont) Low Lin (Syngenta) Glyphosate & isoxazole tol. (Bayer)* Low-Phytate (DuPont) Dicamba Tolerant (Monsanto) Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) DuPont Feed: High Protein Soybean (Monsanto; DuPont) Yield (Monsanto; Pioneer) Rust (Monsanto; Pioneer Antibody - containing (against E. coli 0157:H) Herbicide tol.: 2,4-D (Dow) and aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides Disease (Monsanto; Pioneer) Soybean Cyst Nematode Monsanto; Pioneer GAT/Glyphosate-ALS (Pioneer) * Estimated commercialization pipeline of soybean biotech events prepared by the American Soybean Association, November 2007.

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Bt/RR2Y (Monsanto) Low Sat (Monsanto) Omega-3 (Monsanto; Steandonic Acid) High Stearate (Monsanto; DuPont) High Beta- Conglycinin (Monsanto; DuPont) Industry Soybean Portfolio – Food Quality & Nutrition Industry Soybean Portfolio – Food Quality & Nutrition A Steady Pipeline of New Biotech Events Nearly Every Year Processing: High Oil Soy (Monsanto) High Oleic (DuPont) Liberty Link (Bayer) Agronomic Quality/Food RR2Y (Monsanto) 201X 2009 Modified 7S Protein FF (DuPont) High Oleic, Stearate (DuPont) Low Lin (Syngenta) Glyphosate & isoxazole tol. (Bayer)* Low- Phytate (DuPont) Dicamba Tolerant (Monsanto) Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) DuPont Feed: High Protein Soybean (Monsanto; DuPont) Yield (Monsanto; Pioneer) Rust (Monsanto; Pioneer Antibody - containing (against E. coli 0157:H) Herbicide tol.: 2,4-D (Dow) and aryloxyphenoxy propionate herbicides Disease (Monsanto; Pioneer) Soybean Cyst Nematode Monsanto; Pioneer GAT/Glyphosate-ALS (Pioneer) * Estimated commercialization pipeline of soybean biotech events prepared by the American Soybean Association, November 2007.

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Soybean – non agronomic traits High oleic soybean –Oleic acid reduces transfats –Submitted for regulatory approval Low phytate soybeans –Reduced phosphorus levels in livestock/poultry manure –Improved human nutrition through better mineral absorption by the body High omega-3 soybeans –Much increased omega-3 levels for improved human health benefits High stearic acid soybeans –Up to six times more than conventional with improved food processing benefits through reducing harmful fats

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 …and not just an empty promise! Long chain omega-3 fatty acids – a vital constituent in our diets but rarely eaten at the recommended levels Up to now, the only viable point of entry for the long chain versions is through unsustainable fishing Now successfully introduced into soybean Crops grown in field trials Human clinical trials completed Close to submission for regulatory approval Will we ever see it on the UK shelves?? On the way…

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Maize >2012 Optimum AcreMax multiple insect tolerance stack (Pioneer) Herculex multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Pioneer) Optimum GAT – multiple herbicide tolerance (Pioneer) SmartStax multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Monsanto) NutriDense® corn increased protein content, essential amino acids & reduced phytate content (BASF) DHP herbicide resistance (Dow) Drought Tolerance (Monsanto & Syngenta) Nitrogen-use efficiency (Monsanto & Syngenta) High Lysine (Monsanto) Corn Amylase (Syngenta)

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Maize >2012 Optimum AcreMax multiple insect tolerance stack (Pioneer) Herculex multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Pioneer) Optimum GAT – multiple herbicide tolerance (Pioneer) SmartStax multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Monsanto) NutriDense® corn increased protein content, essential amino acids & reduced phytate content (BASF) DHP herbicide resistance (Dow) Drought Tolerance (Monsanto & Syngenta) Nitrogen-use efficiency (Monsanto & Syngenta) High Lysine (Monsanto) Corn Amylase (Syngenta)

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/ >2012 Optimum AcreMax multiple insect tolerance stack (Pioneer) Herculex multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Pioneer) Optimum GAT – multiple herbicide tolerance (Pioneer) SmartStax multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Monsanto) NutriDense® corn increased protein content, essential amino acids & reduced phytate content (BASF) DHP herbicide resistance (Dow) Drought Tolerance (Monsanto & Syngenta) Nitrogen-use efficiency (Monsanto & Syngenta) High Lysine (Monsanto) Corn Amylase (Syngenta) Maize – for farmers

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Maize – for climate change >2012 Optimum AcreMax multiple insect tolerance stack (Pioneer) Herculex multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Pioneer) Optimum GAT – multiple herbicide tolerance (Pioneer) SmartStax multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Monsanto) NutriDense® corn increased protein content, essential amino acids & reduced phytate content (BASF) DHP herbicide resistance (Dow) Drought Tolerance (Monsanto & Syngenta) Nitrogen-use efficiency (Monsanto & Syngenta) High Lysine (Monsanto) Corn Amylase (Syngenta)

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Maize - Nutrition >2012 Optimum AcreMax multiple insect tolerance stack (Pioneer) Herculex multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Pioneer) Optimum GAT – multiple herbicide tolerance (Pioneer) SmartStax multiple insect tolerance (Dow / Monsanto) NutriDense® corn increased protein content, essential amino acids & reduced phytate content (BASF) DHP herbicide resistance (Dow) Drought Tolerance (Monsanto & Syngenta) Nitrogen-use efficiency (Monsanto & Syngenta) High Lysine (Monsanto) Corn Amylase (Syngenta)

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 More and more GM crops now have Multiple Gene Additions

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 What does Bt (insect tolerance) do for your yield?

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Potatoes – esp BASF –Blight Resistance – would have a huge positive impact on potato growing in UK and Ireland –Industrial use – higher quality, lower energy imput. Amflora currently stuck in EU system UK Specific Crops Oilseed Rape – esp Bayer & BASF – Modified oils to include zero-trans and long chain fats versions as well as Omega-3 – Even higher yielding versions on the way

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 China – already commercialised CropField Trials Environmental Release Pre- Production Trial Commercial Activity Cotton Tobacco Tomato Sweet Pepper Papaya Poplar Trees Flowers

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 China – close to formal commercialisation CropField Trials Environmental Release Pre- Production Trial Commercial Activity Rice 2009? Wheat ? Maize ? Soybean ? Oilseed Rape ? Chilli ? Potato Peanut Cabbage

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 India CropTraitResearch Contained Field Trials Field Trials Commercial Activity CottonInsect Resistance Brinjal (Eggplant) Insect Resistance 2009 CabbageInsect Resistance 2009? CauliflowerInsect Resistance 2009? MustardIncreased Yield RiceInsect Resistance MaizeInsect Resistance OkraInsect Resistance GroundnutInsect Resistance PotatoLate Potato Blight Tomato Lycopene enhancement

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Public-Private Partnerships Water-Efficient Maize Insect Resistant Cabbage / Cauliflower Super-CassavaGolden Rice

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 So what about wheat? RR Wheat Insect Resistant Wheat Drought-tolerant Wheat Disease- Resistant Wheat Fusarium- resistant wheat

JPL – APPG on Science & Technology in Agriculture – 24/03/09 Conclusions The first generation simple GM crops are being rapidly supplanted by multiple gene stacked second generation products Different companies have different expertise in different crops Increasingly, crops containing quality traits are entering the regulatory process Public funding is starting to drive innovation in countries such as India and China Where normal business models are absent, public-private partnerships allow access to this increasingly powerful technology