UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities Now the United Nations Population Fund

UNFPA  Subsidiary organ of the UN General Assembly that addresses population and development issues  Emphasis on reproductive health and gender equality  MDGs 3, 4, 5  Works closely with WHO, UNDP, UNICEF, UNAIDS

Population  “Population dynamics, including growth rates, age structure, fertility and mortality and migration have an effect on every aspect of human, social and economic progress. And sexual and reproductive health and women's empowerment all powerfully affect and are influenced by population trends.” –UNFPA Website

World Distribution

World Population

Population and Development

 Least developed: Greatest growth; expected to double in size by 2050  “Between 2013 and 2100, the populations of 35 countries could triple or more. Among them, the populations of Burundi, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia are projected to increase at least five-fold by 2100.”  More developed: Minimal change

Population and Fertility  “Much of the overall [population] increase between 2013 and 2050 is projected to take place in high-fertility countries, mainly in Africa, as well as countries with large populations such as India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and the United States of America.” – UNFPA Database

Population and Fertility

Infant Mortality

Life Expectancy

In Sum…  Lesser developed countries have…  Higher/Lower population  Higher/Lower fertility  Higher/infant mortality  Higher/Lower life expectancy  …than more developed countries  How about by 2050?

Development and Age

 “The numbers of children and young people in the less developed regions are at an all time high (1.7 billion children and 1.1 billion young people), posing a major challenge for their countries, which are faced with the necessity of providing education and employment to large cohorts of children and youth.” –UNFPA Database  Least developed countries:  Children under age 15: 40% of the population  Youth: 20% of the population  More developed countries  Children under age 15: 16% of the population  Youth: 12% of the population

The Economics Behind Population  Highest poverty is associated with rapid population increases and high fertility rates  “Countries that have reduced fertility and mortality by investing in universal health care, including reproductive health, as well as education and gender equality, have made economic gains.” –UNFPA Database  “A 2001 study of 45 countries, for example, found that if they had reduced fertility by five births per 1,000 people in the 1980s, the average national incidence of poverty of 18.9 per cent in the mid-1980s would have been reduced to 12.6 per cent between 1990 and 1995.” –UNFPA Database

Real World Applications: Female Education  More development and lower poverty are correlated with lower fertility (birth rates)  Lower fertility leads to lower maternal mortality (MDG 5)  Lower fertility also leads to better educational and economic opportunities to women (MDG 3)  More opportunities for women can lead to higher family income. In addition, as women gain more education they have fewer children and can therefore add more to the labour market, adding to the country’s economy

Real World Applications: Female Education

Malala UN Speech

Sources  UNFPA Database:  Figures and Tables:  Female Education Facts and Figures: entMDK: ~menuPK:282391~pagePK: ~piPK:149114~theSitePK: ,00.html  Malala Speech:  Malala Photo: a&hs=Rhv&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=aBFfUsfvJYuShQfDjIGICg&ved=0CAk Q_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=666#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=6WMUPRf07yYEjM%3A %3BR1pW1FZ6XHAahM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fynaija.com%252Fteen%252Fwp- content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F07%252FMalala-Yousafzai- 03.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fynaija.com%252Fteen%252Finspiring-16-year-old- pakistan-schoolgirl-making-a-difference-malala-yousafzai-addresses- un%252F%3B1280%3B960