WHAT BRINGS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY TOGETHER? Warm Up

Examples

NATIONALISM

What is nationalism? Feeling of pride in one’s nation Significant several political movements in the 18 th & 19 th centuries in Europe Belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

What is nationalism? The attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity The actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self- determination (autonomy)

Culture Shared Way of life – Food, behavior, dress

History A common past

Language Different dialects of 1 language. 1 language becomes “national language”

Territory Land

Nationality Belief in common ethnic ancestry that may or may not be true

Religion Shared by all or most people

Types of Nationalistic Movements Unification – – Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar nations, and lands; unification of nations – Examples: Germany & Italy Separation – – Culturally distinct peoples resist incorporation or pursue separatists movements – Examples: Austria & Russia State-building – – Culturally distinct groups form a new state by embracing a common culture – United States & Turkey

WARM UP

Nationalism Unification

Italy

Mazzini  “The Soul” Mazzini  “The Soul” Garibaldi  “The Sword” Garibaldi  “The Sword” Cavour  “The Brain” Cavour  “The Brain” Leaders of Unification

Italy Unites! Looked for leadership from Kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia (most powerful Italian state) Camillo di Cavour named Prime Minister United majority of Northern Italy through diplomacy, & war with the Austrians. - Venetia

Italy Unites! Simultaneously: Giuseppe Garibaldi (a nationalist soldier) captured Sicily. Agreed to unite Garibaldi’s Southern Lands with Cavour’s Northern Lands with King Emmanuel II as leader. Rome becomes the Capital with the Pope as its leader (Vatican City)

Germany

Germany Unites 1815 Germany had 39 states called the German Confederation (controlled by Austria). Prussia leads unification – German population – Nationalistic movement – Stronger Army

Germany Unites! Wilhelm I – Leader of German Confederation – Parliament refused money for reforms – Junker support Strongly conservative & wealthy Prussia class Appoints Otto Von Bismarck

Germany Unites Bismarck--  realpolitik – Politics of reality; tough power politics with no room for idealism. – Prussia Expands: creates a sense of national pride. Gets provinces of Schleswig (Prussia) & Holstein (Austria) 7 Week’s War – Austria loses & Prussia takes control of all the North German Confederation while also uniting East & West parts of the Prussia Kingdom

Germany Unites Southern states remain out of Prussian control Franco-Prussian War – Starts war with France to gain alliance from the Southern States – Prussia invades France – King Wihelm I crowned Kaiser – Unified Germany

Nationalism Separation

Austrian Empire-Hapsburgs Russian Empire-Romanovs Ottoman Empire- Turks

Austrian Empire Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Poles etc. Lost Northern Land to Prussia (smaller/weaker) Pressure from Hungarians causes split Now called Austria Hungary Falls after WWI

Russian Empire Ukrainians, Poles, Georgians etc. Each group has it’s own culture Russification- forcing Russian culture on all groups

Russian Empire Strengthened nationalist feelings Czar could not handle WWI & communist revolution. Fell in 1917

Ottoman Empire Granted equal citizenship to all people under their rule Angered conservative Turks Armenian Nationalist Movement- caused Turks to massacre & depart thousands from

Ottoman Empire Called “Sick Man of Europe” Falls after WWI

Nationalism Pride? Attitude? Action?