10/12/20141Chem-160

Covalent Bonds 10/12/20142Chem-160

LET’S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING 10/12/20143Chem-160

In an IONIC bond, electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds. FK 10/12/20144Chem-160

FK 10/12/20145Chem-160

FK 10/12/20146Chem-160

FK 10/12/20147Chem-160

FK 10/12/20148Chem-160

FK 10/12/20149Chem-160

FK 10/12/201410Chem-160

FK + _ 10/12/201411Chem-160

FK + _ The compound potassium fluoride consists of potassium (K + ) ions and fluoride (F - ) ions 10/12/201412Chem-160

FK + _ The ionic bond is the attraction between the positive K + ion and the negative F - ion 10/12/201413Chem-160

So what are covalent bonds? 10/12/201414Chem-160

In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). 10/12/201415Chem-160

In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). But rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. 10/12/201416Chem-160

In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). But rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. The shared electron pair is called a bonding pair 10/12/201417Chem-160

Cl 2 Chlorine forms a covalent bond with itself 10/12/201418Chem-160

Cl How will two chlorine atoms react? 10/12/201419Chem-160

Cl Each chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet 10/12/201420Chem-160

Cl Neither atom will give up an electron – chlorine is highly electronegative. What’s the solution – what can they do to achieve an octet? 10/12/201421Chem-160

Cl 10/12/201422Chem-160

Cl 10/12/201423Chem-160

Cl 10/12/201424Chem-160

Cl 10/12/201425Chem-160

Cl octet 10/12/201426Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets octet 10/12/201427Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle 10/12/201428Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle 10/12/201429Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets This is the bonding pair 10/12/201430Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets It is a single bonding pair 10/12/201431Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets It is called a SINGLE BOND 10/12/201432Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets Single bonds are abbreviated with a dash 10/12/201433Chem-160

Cl circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets This is the chlorine molecule, Cl 2 10/12/201434Chem-160

O2O2 Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules 10/12/201435Chem-160

How will two oxygen atoms bond? OO 10/12/201436Chem-160

OO Each atom has two unpaired electrons 10/12/201437Chem-160

OO 10/12/201438Chem-160

OO 10/12/201439Chem-160

OO 10/12/201440Chem-160

OO 10/12/201441Chem-160

OO 10/12/201442Chem-160

OO 10/12/201443Chem-160

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. OO 10/12/201444Chem-160

Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. OO 10/12/201445Chem-160

OO 10/12/201446Chem-160

OO 10/12/201447Chem-160

OO 10/12/201448Chem-160

OO 10/12/201449Chem-160

O O Both electron pairs are shared. 10/12/201450Chem-160

6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet O O 10/12/201451Chem-160

6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet O O 10/12/201452Chem-160

two bonding pairs, O O making a double bond 10/12/201453Chem-160

O O = For convenience, the double bond can be shown as two dashes. O O 10/12/201454Chem-160

O O = This is the oxygen molecule, O 2 10/12/201455Chem-160

10/12/201456Chem-160